Compared with CK, the combining ability analysis results of the seven mutations of K305 and eight mutations of 698-3 indicated that the GCA effects of most characters had significant difference.In addition, there existed large difference in the SCA effects of different characters in hybrid combinations of mutation, and some combinations of mutants were better than the original combinations, which showed that more excellent combination mutants might be obtained.The results also indicated that the CK and mutations have respective characteristics, especially for the short plant height material 698-mutation 1227 with a potential high yield.So the application should based on the different breeding objective.

Effects of NaCl stress on seed germination in rape with high erucic acid and double-low cultivars were studied according to salt tolerance indexes including seed relative germination rate, relative root length and seedling height.The results showed that relative germination rate of 5 rape cultivars tended to decrease with the increasing NaCl concentrations, and the germination rate of cultivars with high erucic acid was higher than double-low rape.Lower concentration of NaCl tended to stimulate seedling growth of 5 cultivars, while higher concentration inhibited seedling growth of 5 cultivars.In conclusion, Mian you 309 and Mian you 322 showed the higher tolerance while the Mian you 88 showed the lowest according to the results of three salt tolerance indexes.

An analysis was made on the effects of BAK1 in the Turnip crinkle virus(TCV)-Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 compatible interaction.The results indicated that the loss of BAK1 function led to enhanced susceptibility to infection by TCV as well as leaves' chlorosis and wilt.However, the plants overexpressing BAK1 delayed the disease development.H₂O₂ test showed that serious symptoms were associated with the reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation in this compatible interaction.BAK1 might negatively regulate ROS production.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the TCV-induced elevated expression of potential target genes activated transcription factors downstream of the MAPKs in BAK1 transgenic plants, which played a role in the immunity response to TCV.However, the induced PR1 and PR² expression did not confer resistance to TCV

Litter production, decomposition and nutrient release were investigated in a Eucalyptus grandis plantation in Rainy Area of West China.The results showed that:① The annual litter production was 6 247.78 kg/hm² in this eucalyptus plantation, leaf litter account for 94.85% of the total production, followed with twig and bark.② The leaf litter had higher decomposition rate than twig litter.39.56% of leaf litter and 56.35% of twig litter remained after 12 months decomposition, The decomposition rate in leaf litter was higher from the 5th month to the 8th month, but which in twig litter was higher from the 4th month to the 10th month compared with other decomposition stages.It would take 2.989 years and 4.783 years to decompose 95% of leaf litter and twig litter, respectively.③ After 12 months decomposition, elements release rates showed the order as:N > C > P > K for leaf litter, and C > N > K > P for twig litter.Elements release rates in leaf litter were higher than those in twig litter.④ The initial C/N ratios in leaf and twig litters were 43.51 and 285.78.The C/N ratios showed a decreasing trend as leave and twig litter decomposition proceeded.

In order to clearly understand the effects of eucalypt(Eucalyptus grandis) on soil ecological processes, soil microbial counts and microbial biomass were investigated in the Eucalyptus grandis plantations with a range of ages from 1 to 10 years.Bacteria quantitatively dominated the soil microbe community in eucalypt plantations regardless of plantation ages, followed by actinomycete and fungi.Microbial counts decreased with soil depths except for the converse distribution in certain stands.The microbial counts decreased in eucalypt plantations from 1 to 4 years, and then increased with the increase of plantation age.Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index increased in the first 3 or 4 years and then decrease with the increase of plantation age, but Simpson index showed an opposite trend.

The biomass maintenance and soil physical and chemical improvement are the key processes in sustainable forestry management.The biomass distribution and soil physical and chemical characteristics were studied in Phyllostachys edulis forests in Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve of Fujian Province.Three management types were used as control(Ⅰ):shoot digging and herb chopping;(Ⅱ):shoot digging, herb chopping, and special fertilizer;and(Ⅲ) with shoot digging, herb chopping, special fertilizer, and irrigation.Bamboo biomass of forests showed the order as Ⅱ(143 998.50 kg/hm²) > Ⅲ(105 872.25 kg/hm²) > Ⅰ(56 296.63 kg/hm²).The aboveground biomass increment fraction showed the order as Ⅲ(74.75%) > Ⅱ(74.91%) > Ⅰ(75.36%).Fertilization and irrigation increased forest biomass, but decreased the aboveground biomass increment fraction.In addition, soil physical and chemical properties were different in bamboo forests with different managements.The treatments with Ⅱ and Ⅲ decreased soil bulk density, but increased water capacity and no-capillary pores.The contents of organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphors, hydrolysable nitrogen, and available potassium were decreased under the treatments with Ⅱ and Ⅲ, suggesting the treatments could damage the sustainable forest productivity.Management measures also affected soil enzyme activities.The treatments with Ⅱ and Ⅲ decreased soil catalase activity, which might inhibit the growth of bamboo.

The growth status, chemical components in stalks of Neosincalamus affinis and their relationship with soil fertility were investigated in 12 towns of Yaan, China.Significant relationships were observed between soil N content and soil organic matter content, and between pH and soil K content.Wall thickness, the biomass of biennial stalk and the height of biennial stalk were significantly correlated with soil N content.Additionally, the height of biennial stalk, and the biomass of 1 to 2 years old stalk were correlated with soil organic matter contents.Although ash content of biennial stalk were significantly correlated with soil total N content and soil organic matter content, little correlation was detected between the lignin content and the total cellulose content.The results could provide important data for the management of regional bamboo plantation.

Urophysa rochkii a rare plant, mainly distributes in the upper and middle reaches of Fujiang river, Jiangyou, Sichuan.Unfortunately, the habitat of the plant has been submerged due to the construction of reservoirs.Therefore, in order to efficiently protect U. rochkii and its habitat, mine, the geological and hydrological properties, nutrition of weathering residue, local temperature and precipitation of U. rockii habitat were investigated.Mylonitized rock zones, terrene cracks, low pH of groundwater and fissure water provide effective condition for the growth of U. rockii.The growth periods of U. rockii are not synchronal with precipitation, but the growth of U. rockii significantly related with water in fissure and aeration zone.The calcium contents(400-500 g/kg) in interstitial water(i.e.fissure water and groundwater) and weathering residue are significantly higher than other nutrients and the calcium content of in comparison plot(85.47 g/kg).These results suggested that the relative higher content of calcium and continuous resource of calcium play important role in the growth of U. rockii.However, more work should be carried out in the mechanism of calcium absorption, calcium transportation and calcium using of U. rockii.

In order to explore the influences of different sensilla of Batocera horsfieldi on male insects' copulation and the female insects' spawning, conventional processing was conducted and the morphology and distribution of different senilla were observed.The results indicated that, for mating, the sensillum basiconica play an important role in ascertainment stage and the antennae functions were obviously significant;the sensillum campullacea and sensillum aperture on the maxillary palpus and the labial palpus play an important part in the excitation process of the following mating behaviours, such as bending abdomen and inserting into the abdominal tip.the experiments on the influences of different sensory organs of female Batocera horsfieldi on the spawning behaviour, indicated that there were not significant different between the one whose antennae, maxillary palpus, and labial palpus have been removed and not removed on the behaviours of chamfer amount of spawned egg.It can be predicted that the female's antenna and the sensillum twig basiconcia on the labial palpus do not have significant effects when identifying and distinguishing the different types of the host trees.

Organic acid accumulation and their related enzymes in orange fruit were studied in Jingyan orchard.Three navel orange varieties were selected with ‘Robertson Navel’ orange, ‘Newhall navel’ orange and ‘Harvest navel’ orange.The activities of citrate synthase(CS), cis-aconitase, phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylase(PEPC), mito-aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH) and malate dehydrogenase(MDH) were measured.The results showed that the variations of organic acid content in different varieties fruit was mainly determined by organic acid cleavage in mid-and late stage of fruit development.Few differences were observed in the activities of CS, MDH, cis-aconitase, and mito-aconitase of fruit among different varieties orange.However, the activities of IDH and PEPC were significantly varied in different varieties orange from 120 days after full bloom to the fruit ripening, in the different varies.It was suggested that the differences of organic acid content in fruit with different varieties was mainly determined by IDH, and partly by PEPC, but not CS, MDH and mito-aconitase cis-aconitase.Moreover, IDH and PEPC influenced organic acid content in fruit with different varieties by regulating citrate cleavage and the organic acid accumulation during the mid-and late stage of the fruit development, respectively.

In order to understand the content and distribution pattern of lead(Pb) in several tea gardens, and further evaluated the absorb and accumulate ability of tea, Pb content in tea plants(Camellia sinensis) and soils were investigated by the FAAS method.Pb concentration in newly shoots and tea plants were 2.26 mg/kg and 9.43 mg/kg, respectively.Pb content in different tea plant components showed the order as:side root(15.37 mg/kg) > main root(11.74 mg/kg) > leaves(8.50 mg/kg) > production branch(7.25 mg/kg) > main branch(4.28 mg/kg).Compared with other components, Pb accumulation in roots and leaves accounted for 60.42% and 7.16% of total Pb accumulation in a single plant.Pb concentration and distribution in tea plants were significantly different in different tea gardens when soil total Pb and available Pb concentration were 25.88-55.63 mg/kg and 5.21-25.93 mg/kg, respectively.However, insignificant correlation was observed between Pb content in tea plants and the soils, implying that there might be some other Pb sources besides the soil

Main biochemical components and their changes were measured in a tea(Mengding Ganlu) during automatically clean processes.The results showed that the measured components were obviously changed during the clean processes, but different components displayed different characteristics.The contents of moisture, polyphenol, catechins, chlorophyll and caffeine in raw tea were decreased by 71.71%, 4.95%, 22.39%, 17.5%, 0.98% compared with fresh leaves, respectively.However, the content of amino acid, soluble sugar and water extracts in raw tea were increased by 0.39%, 0.29% and 2.2%.In addition, organoleptic evaluating score were increased as the clean processed, although there were little difference in the sensory quality of tea between automatically produce line and traditional techniques.

Based on the field survey, the Soil Erosion situation caused by Western Crude Oil Pipeline Engineering in the section of Gulang from 2005 to 2007 was monitored and analyzed by using the standard stake method.The results show that this region is typical of wind erosion, the modulus of soil erosion is between 2 500 and 5 000 t/km², and the degree of erosion is moderate.Some controlling measures are suggested, including engineering measures for protection, such as laying out rubble mound which is one type of gravity retaining wall and cutting slope aided by open type water diversion, seepage control measures, strip of slope protection and so on. Meanwhile, Ulmus pumila, Caragana korshinkii Kom., Agropyron cristatum L.and Sophora alopecuroides Linn and other trees, which have the developed root system and strong adaptability to steady slope, are chosen to prevent the new soil erosion along with the project.

The toxin production conditions of Arthrinium phaeospermum were studied by acquiring the crude protein toxin with the methods of liquid shake culture and ammonium sulphate precipitation.Using impregnation method and disease index as the evaluation criteria, bioassay was tested in hybrid bamboo.The results showed that fries culture medium was the optimal culture of toxin production, with the disease index amounting to 70.67%.Different culture time and temperature had great effects on the amount of toxin production of this fungus, whose optimal time and temperature were 12 d and 25℃.It had no special requirement for light, the satisfactory dissolved oxygen content was between 120 mL to 160 mL, and the amount of toxin production was most at pH 8.0.Under the optimized conditions, the ability of this fungus to produce toxin had been increased significantly, and the disease index of hybrid bamboo was up to 89.12%.

According to the conserved regions of Bacillus collagenase gene, a pair of degenerate primer was designed to amplify collagenase gene fragment from B. pumilus strain Col-J with collagenolytic activity.Sequence analysis showed that the fragment sequence was highly homologous to a sequence encoding collagenase in the genome of B. subtilis AL009126 in GenBank.Based on the sequence, the collagenase gene full-length open reading frame col_a was obtained from B. pumilus Col-J strain.Sequence and bioinformatics analysis showed that it was 930 bp in length, presumably encoded a collagenase with 309 amino acid residues with 47.63 kDa theoretically.Furthermore, its encoding protein was a non-secreted protein with only one potential N-glycosylation site, and showed a strong usage bias.

A copper(Ⅱ) chelate with nicotinic acid was synthesized by the method of solid phase synthesis in room temperature.The effects of copper source type, reaction time and materials ratios on the product were investigated.The experiment result showed the optimum synthetic conditions as follow:using copper acetate as copper source, reaction time as 3 hours, copper acetate:nicotinic acid as 1:2(mol:mol).The chelate was characterized by molar conductance, elemental analysis, infrared spectra, ultraviolet spectra and X-ray powder diffraction.Antibacterial test displayed that the chelate had a certain antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli and bacillus aeruginosus.

Oct4(Octamer-binding transcription factor 4, Oct4) was one of the markers used to evaluate pluripotency or undifferentiated status of stem cells.To investigate expression of the gene Oct4 in umbilical cord, umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid from human, we analysed 20 samples from women of pregnancy stage or full-term delivery by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), respectively, and PCR products were sequenced and compared with the cDNA sequence of human-derived Oct4 published in GenBank to check specificity of PCR reaction.The RT-PCR results showed that homolog degree of RT-PCR amplified products with the cDNA sequence of human-derived Oct4 achieved to 98%, and Oct4 expressed positively in the samples of 95%(19/20) umbilical cord, 80%(16/20) umbilical cord blood, 90%(18/20) second-trimester amniotic fluid and 80%(16/20) third-trimester amniotic fluid.Expression levels of Oct4 exhibited no statistically significant differences in the umbilical cord, second-and third-trimester amniotic fluid(P<0.05), while significantly higher than in umbilical cord blood.These results suggested that Oct4 expressed in umbilical cord, umbilical blood and amniotic fluid from human, but the difference existed in different samples.

The pharmacokinetics of selenium in serum was investigated after single intramuscular administration with Injection of Trace Elements for Livestock and Poultry, with the dose of 0.3 mL/kg BW(selenium element 9 μg/kg).The concentration of serum selenium was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.The data were analyzed with the pharmacokinetics software 3P97.The results showed that the concentration-time course of serum selenium fitted a two-compartment open model.The main pharmacokinetics parameters were as follows:t_1/2ka(0.159 9±0.035 6) h, t_1/2α(7.875 4±0.615 3) h, t_1/2β(515.096 2±34.155 4) h, kel(0.003 4±0.000 4) h, AUC(27 455.806 7±4 571.039 6)(ng·mL^-1)·h.In conclusion, the selenium in Injection of Trace Elements for Livestock and Poultry was rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated in pigs after intramuscular administration.

Apolipoprotein E plays an important role in cholesterol and other lipid metabolism and studying on tissue expression files of porcine APOE gene was an important basis for researching functions of the gene.In this study, RT-PCR method was used to study on expression of APOE in thirteen tissues of Landrace and the results showed that APOE gene was mainly expressed in the liver and brain tissue, and there were different expression in other peripheral tissues such as spleen, lung, kidney, large intestine, small intestine, whereas almost no expression in heart, stomach, M. longissimus and lymph in pig.

The aim of the study was to develop a method for the isolation, identification and primary culture of rabbit vascular endothelial cells(RVECs) as a modle for studying the pathologenicity of rabbit haemorrheagic disease virus on RVECs.RVECs were dissociated by trypsin digestion and tissue pieces culture method and cultured in vitro.The REVCs were identified by factor Ⅷ related antigen immunohistochemical staining and CD34 indirect immunofluorescence assay.The result showed that the cells which gained by digesting method adhered about 20 h, and filled the basis of petri dish after 1w with high activity.The cells which isolated by tissue pieces culture method grew from original about 2 weeks and filled the basis of petri dish 3 weeks later, and these cells were contaminated with smooth muscle cells and fibroblast cells, while they had higher vitality.After cells were passaged and cultured, they exhibited as polygon and spindle-shaped cells and displayed cobblestone-likemorphology after fusion to monolayer.Immunohistochemical staining and indirect immunofluorescence revealed that the expression of factor Ⅷ and CD34 was positive.

The research was to construct eukaryotic coexpression vector of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV) gB and chicken IL-18, and its immunogenicity was evaluated.The gB gene of ILTV and chicken IL-18 gene were inserted into the bicistronic plasmid pIRES to construct recombinant plasmids pIRES-gB and pIRES-gB/IL18.Plasmids were transfected into the chicken embryo fibroblasts(CEF) cells by using lipofectamine, respectively, and the mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and the expressed products were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay.The 21-day-old chickens were immunized intramuscularly with plasmids, and the induced humoral and cellular responses were evaluated.gB mRNA expression was found in CEF cells and gB protein expression in CEF cells was detected by the indirect immunofluorescence test.Immunization with pIRES-gB/IL18 led to a more dramatic augmentation of humoral and T cell responses than pIRES-gB which demonstrated that ILTV gB and cIL-18 gene were expressed, and IL-18 could significantly enhance the immune response of ILTV DNA vaccine.

Using scanning electron microscopic imaging technique, we studied the ultrastructure of the gill filament of juvenile Spinibarbus sinensis.The results showed that the gill filaments were covered with epithelium, whereas district morphology of flat epithelial cells were presented.flat epithelial cells, which were largely distributed on the gill rakers, the gill arches and the branchial filaments, exhibited a complex system of microcrest on their apical surface.Besides of flat epithelial cells, the mitochondria-rich cells and mucous cells were also identified in gill arches, and no more detail morphology was observed on the surface of lamellae which was covered with a mucus layer.Moreover, the relationship between the various morphologic structures and physiological function of flat epithelial cells of S. sinensis was discussed.

Spiders were generalist arthropod predators of pests and their community structure was changed by the farmland type and the seasons variation.It was important to study on the community change which was necessary for controling prest.We assessed the biodiversity of spider community of the wheat, bean, and tea fields in Yaan, Sichuan.We recorded 24 spider species which belong to 16 genera and 8 families.There was obvious difference among the three type fields.The species diversity index is the highest in the wheat fields and the lowest in the tea fields.We further studied the fluctuation of spider community in spring, and the results showed that spider groups harboring in different types of fields present different pattern on species richness and amount.

According to a survey in June and July in 2010, 44 mammal species of 8 orders and 22 families including mostly rodents, carnivores and insectivores were distributed in Tianxian Town and Huagaoxi Nature Reserve where were the main bamboo planting regions in Luzhou.It had more mammals in evergreen broadleaf forest and mixed forest than simple bamboo forest which were resulted from differences in community structure, food resource and human disturbance.In conclusion, the simple community in bamboo forests had caused the deficient of biological diversity and mammal diversity was threatened by many factors in bamboo forests and surrounded areas, which must be taken into account seriously.

By adopting non-parametric Malmquist productivity method, this paper divided technical progress into three parts as advance of science and technology, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, and then used panel data model to measure the effect of them on rural energy efficiency.It can be concluded that technical progress significantly promoted the increase of rural energy efficiency, the greatest contribution was from technical efficiency, the second was from the advance of science and technology.The extent that science and technology progress and technical efficiency promote rural energy efficiency might be affected by many factors, such as the level of regional economic development, social environment and so on.

Through the analysis of the annual precipitation data of the three monitoring points in Suining from 1990 to 2009, this paper established the GM(1, 1) drought forecasting model according to grey system and then made predictions on the possible drought ages between 2011 and 2040, which provides a scientific basis for drought prevention in this region.

Choosing the sample of monthly data of the pork price, the fed hog mixture feedstuffs price, CPI and the beef price from December 2003 to May 2011 in Sichuan, this paper analyzed the influential factors of the pork price fluctuation including the fed hog mixture feedstuffs price, CPI, and the beef price, The impulse response function and variance decomposition based on the foundation of VAR model(vector auto regression model) were adopted.It was concluded that the supply and need of the pig production has the greatest impact on the fluctuation of the pork price, followed by the impact of CPI which is obvious and durable.The volatility of the fed hog mixture feedstuff price only influence the pork price in short run and the beef price has very little contribution on the fluctuation of pork price.The suggestions to stabilize the pork price were given at the end of the paper.