不同NFC/NDF饲粮对青海藏羊育成母羊肌肉抗氧化功能、肌纤维类型组成及其相关基因表达的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2021.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同非纤维性碳水化合物（NFC）/中性洗涤纤维（NDF）饲粮对育成期藏羊（♀）背最长肌的肌纤维特性、肌球蛋白重链基因表达量及其抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】选用体况良好、体重（26.65±0.72） kg 相近的4月龄青海藏羊母羔15只,随机分为3组,进行预试期15 d和正试期90 d的饲养试验。正试期3个组饲粮NFC/NDF水平分别为0.92（L组）、1.39（M组）、2.20（H组）。以藏羊左侧胴体第12~13肋骨间背最长肌作为试验材料,利用酶联免疫吸附法（ ELISA）、三磷酸腺苷酶（ATPase）染色和实时荧光定量PCR（real-time qPCR）方法进行测定。【结果】 ①M组Ⅰ型肌纤维直径小于H组（P<0.05）与L组（P>0.05）;M组Ⅰ型肌纤维横截面积低于L组（P<0.05）与H组（P>0.05）;M组Ⅰ型肌纤维密度高于H组（P<0.05）和L组（P>0.05）;L组Ⅰ型肌纤维数量和面积显著小于M组（P<0.05）,而Ⅱb型肌纤维数量和面积则相反（P<0.05）。②M组MyHC Ⅰ基因的表达量显著高于L组（P<0.05）,而L组MyHC Ⅱa基因的表达量显著高于H组（P<0.05）,同时L组MyHC Ⅱb和MyHC Ⅱx的基因的表达量显著高于M组（P<0.05）。③M组过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性大于L组（P<0.05）与H组（P>0.05）;M组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性大于H组（P<0.05）与L组（P>0.05）。【结论】不同NFC/NDF饲粮能够影响育成藏母羊肌肉抗氧化能力、肌纤维类型组成及其相关基因的表达量,其中以NFC/NDF为1.39的饲粮效果较佳。

关键词: 高原型藏羊, 精粗比, 非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维, 抗氧化能力, MyHCs基因

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different non fibrous carbohydrate (NFC)/neutral detergent fiber (NDF) diets on the characteristics of muscle fiber, myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) genes expression, and antioxidant capacity of longissimus dorsi muscle in growing Tibetan sheep (♀). 【Method】 Fifteen 4-months-old female lambs of Qinghai Tibetan sheep with similar body weight of (26.65±0.72) kg were selected and randomly divided into three groups. The pre-experiment period lasted for 10 days, and the experiential period lasted for 90 days. The NFC/NDF levels of the three groups were 0.92, 1.39, and 2.20, named group L, M, and H, respectively. The longissimus dorsi muscle between the left 12th and 13th ribs of the carcass was used as the test material. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) staining and real-time PCR were used to determine the content. 【Result】 The results showed that：①The Ⅰ muscle fiber diameter of group M was smaller than that in group H(P<0.05) and L(P>0.05); The cross-sectional area of muscle fiber type Ⅰ in group M was lower than that in group L (P<0.05) and group H (P>0.05). The muscle fiber density of M group was higher than that in H group (P<0.05) and L group (P>0.05). The number and area of type Ⅰ muscle fiber in Group L were significantly lower than those in group M (P<0.05), while the number and area of type Ⅱb muscle fiber were opposite(P<0.05). ②The expression level of MyHC Ⅰ gene in group Mwas significantly higher than that in group L (P<0.05), while the expression level of MyHC Ⅱa gene in group L was significantly higher than that in group H(P<0.05). and the expression level of MyHC Ⅱb and MyHC Ⅱx genes in group L was significantly higher than that in group M (P<0.05). ③The activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in group M were higher than those in group L (P<0.05) and group H (P>0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in group M was higher than that in group H (P<0.05) and group L (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Therefore, different NFC/NDF diets could significantly affect the antioxidant capacity, muscle fiber type composition and the expression of related genes in the muscle of growing Tibetan ewes, among which the NFC/NDF of 1.39 was the excellent.

Key words: plateau type Tibetan sheep, fine coarse than, NFC/NDF, antioxidant capacity, MyHCs gene

中图分类号:

S858.26

周力, 高占红, 张春梅, 马博妍, 李蒋伟, 桂林生, 侯生珍. 不同NFC/NDF饲粮对青海藏羊育成母羊肌肉抗氧化功能、肌纤维类型组成及其相关基因表达的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2021, 39(5): 639-645.

ZHOU Li, GAO Zhanhong, ZHANG Chunmei, MA Boyan, LI Jiangwei, GUI Linsheng, HOU Shengzhen. Effects of Different NFC/NDF Diets on Antioxidant Function, Myofiber Type Composition and Related Gene Expression of Qinghai Tibetan Ewes[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2021, 39(5): 639-645.

参考文献 30

[1]	周力, 李雪清, 彭秀秀, 等. 不同精粗比全混合日粮对育肥期藏羔羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2021, 34(2): 400-405.
[2]	陈惠珍, 宋育玲, 马福全. 青海省藏羊肉产业发展现状与建议[J].青海农林科技, 2018(4): 55-59.
[3]	LISTRAT A, LEBRET B, LOUVEAU I, et al.How muscle structure and composition influence meat and flesh quality[J]. The Scientific World Journal, 2016, 2016: 3182746.
[4]	梁婷玉, 吴建平, 刘婷, 等. 肌纤维类型分类及转化机理研究进展[J]. 肉类研究, 2018, 32(9): 55-61.
[5]	欧秀琼, 李星. 猪肌肉肌纤维生长发育与类型转化及营养调控[J]. 上海农业学报, 2019, 35(5): 149-154.
[6]	李登赴, 郎洪权, 何军. 品种和营养水平对猪背最长肌肌糖原和肌纤维类型的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2019, 32(4): 936-941.
[7]	程贵兰,梁诲弈,AGUZEY H A,等. 饲粮的不同蛋白质水平对12周龄麒麟鸡肌肉品质和肌肉营养成分的影响[J]. 饲料工业,2019, 40(13): 29-33.
[8]	王加启, 卢德勋, 杨红建, 等. 肉羊饲养标准, NY-T 816-2004[S]. 北京: 中华人民共和国农业部, 2004.
[9]	HWANG Y H, KIM G D, JEONG J Y, et al.The relationship be-tween muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality traits of highly marbled Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) steers[J]. Meat Science, 2010, 86(2): 456-461.
[10]	CERISUELO A, SALA R, NÜRNBERG G, et al. How many muscle samples are required to obtain reliable estimations of muscle fibre characteristics from pig longissimus muscle?[J]. Meat Science, 2007, 76(3) : 583-587.
[11]	PERTL C, EBLENKAMP M, PERTL A, et al.A new web-based method for automated analysis of muscle histology[J]. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2013, 14(1): 26.
[12]	王婷, 侯明杰, 尚占环, 等. 甜高粱和玉米青贮对肉羊肌纤维组织及其相关肉质性状的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2018, 35(11): 2722-2727.
[13]	加依娜古丽·吐尔逊拜, 孙亚伟, 闫向民, 等. 不同月龄新疆褐牛和安格斯牛背最长肌肌纤维形态特征比较研究[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2020(11): 63-67, 71, 167.
[14]	苏琳, 辛雪, 刘树军, 等. 苏尼特羊肉肌纤维特性与肉质相关性研究[J]. 食品科学, 2014, 35(7): 7-11.
[15]	赵雅娟, 尹丽卿, 苏琳, 等. 不同饲养方式对苏尼特羊背最长肌肌纤维类型组成的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2017, 38(19): 30-34.
[16]	郎玉苗, 王勇峰, 李敬, 等. 中国西门塔尔牛肌肉肌纤维类型和肉品质特性研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2016, 43(6): 1489-1493.
[17]	贾安峰, 冯京海, 张敏红. 调控骨骼肌肌纤维类型转化的因素及机制[J]. 动物营养学报, 2014, 26(5): 1151-1156.
[18]	SCHIAFFINO S, REGGIANI C.Fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscles[J]. Physiological Reviews, 2011, 91(4): 1447-1531.
[19]	HWANG Y H, KIM G D, JEONG J Y, et al.The relationship between muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality traits of highly marbled Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) steers[J]. Meat Science, 2010, 86(2): 456-461.
[20]	RENAND G, PICARD B, TOURAILLE C, et al.Relationships between muscle characteristics and meat quality traits of young Charolais bulls[J]. Meat Science, 2001, 59(1): 49-60.
[21]	白艳苹, 侯艳茹, 孙雪峰, 等. 日粮添加乳酸菌对苏尼特羊肌纤维类型及肉品质的影响[J]. 食品工业科技, 2020, 41(12): 1-6, 13.
[22]	周力, 姚有莉, 李蒋伟, 等. 幼龄和成年牦牛肌纤维类型、 MyHC基因表达及其肌肉抗氧化能力的比较研究[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2021, 39(2): 254-259.
[23]	贾聪慧, 杨彩梅, 曾新福, 等. 丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016, 28(3): 908-915.
[24]	汪水平, 王文娟, 左福元, 等. 中药复方对山羊的影响: Ⅴ. 血清代谢产物浓度及免疫和抗氧化功能参数[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2013, 49(1): 44-49.
[25]	CASTILLO C, HERNANDEZ J, BRAVO A, et al.Oxidative status during late pregnancy and early lactation in dairy cows[J]. The Veterinary Journal, 2005, 169(2): 286-292.
[26]	FLOHÉ L, GUNZLER W A.Assays of glutathione peroxidase[J].Methods in Enzymology, 1984, 105: 114-120.
[27]	GIANNENAS I, DOUKAS D, KARAMOUTSIOS A, et al.Effects of Enterococcus faecium, mannan oligosaccharide, benzoic acid and their mixture on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology intestinal morphology and blood lymphocyte subpopulations of fattening pigs[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016, 220: 159-167.
[28]	GU X H, HAO Y, WANG X L.Overexpression of heat shock protein 70 and its relationship to intestine under acute heat stress in broilers: 2. Intestinal oxidative stress[J]. Poultry Science, 2012, 91(4): 790-799.
[29]	樊路杰, 窦鸣乐, 王小宇, 等. 后肌肉抗氧化能力与肉品质的关系[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018, 30(5): 1676-1680.
[30]	张帆, 崔凯, 毕研亮, 等. 妊娠后期母羊饲粮精料比例对羔羊生长性能、消化性能及血清抗氧化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017, 29(10): 3583-3591.