陕西省畜禽粪肥资源现状及其替代化肥潜力分析

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2021.03.016

四川农业大学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 391-399.doi: 10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2021.03.016

陕西省畜禽粪肥资源现状及其替代化肥潜力分析

冯璞阳^1,2, 谢恩泽³, 白亚妮^1,2, 颜宏^1,2, 李文孝^1,2, 梁建强^1,2, 赵文娟^1,2,*

1.陕西省生物农业研究所,西安 710043;
2.陕西省酶工程技术研究中心,西安 710600;
3.土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室/中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京 210008

收稿日期:2021-02-24 出版日期:2021-06-28 发布日期:2021-07-05
通讯作者: ^*赵文娟,副研究员,主要从事生物肥料等方面研究,E-mail：myszhwj@126.com。
作者简介:冯璞阳,研究实习员,主要从事土壤保育与修复研究,E-mail：fengpuyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（31800100）; 陕西省重点研发计划项目（2019NY-191）; 西安市科技局农业科技创新工程[201806116YN04NC12（5）]

Analysis of Nutrient Resources in Livestock and Poultry Faeces and Its Potential to Replace Chemical Fertilizers in Shaanxi Province

FENG Puyang^1,2, XIE Enze³, BAI Yani^1,2, YAN Hong^1,2, LI Wenxiao^1,2, LIANG Jianqiang^1,2, ZHAO Wenjuan^1,2,*

1. Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi,Xi'an 710043,China;
2. Enzyme Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Xi'an 710600,China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China

Received:2021-02-24 Online:2021-06-28 Published:2021-07-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评估陕西省各市（区）畜禽粪肥资源现状及其替代化肥潜力,旨在为陕西省各市（区）粪尿资源化利用、化肥减施目标提供数据支撑。【方法】基于文献资料和统计学方法,借助ArcGIS软件进行数据处理和表达,估算畜禽粪尿产生量、养分量,分析畜牧业环境承载力及单位播种面积替代化肥潜力。【结果】2000—2018年陕西省畜牧业粪尿产生量为：牛>猪>羊>家禽。2018年,陕西省不同市（区）畜禽粪尿产生量、来源不同,存在地域性特点。陕西省、各市（区）单位播种面积畜禽粪尿负荷量警报值r<0.4,为Ⅰ级,对环境无污染风险,即在不考虑化肥施用、秸秆还田的前提下,粪尿养分资源可以安全、高效、充分消纳。陕西省畜牧业粪尿养分可替代同期化肥施用量的9.57%。因关中地区、延安市化肥减施任务重,且陕西省农作物秸秆养分丰富,故考虑以畜牧业粪尿养分与秸秆养分相结合的方式替代化肥;其中,西安市、铜川市、宝鸡市充分利用当地畜禽粪尿和秸秆养分,陕南地区的畜禽粪尿与秸秆养分对应转施于渭南市,榆林市的畜禽粪尿养分对应转施于咸阳市,榆林市的秸秆养分对应转施于延安市,则可分别降低西安市、铜川市、宝鸡市、渭南市、咸阳市、延安市单位播种面积化肥施用量的15.84%、16.17%、24.33%、28.88%、28.80%、41.18%。【结论】通过科学分析各市（区）畜禽粪肥资源结构和总量,依据区域协作、就近消纳原则,可提高陕西省资源循环利用效率,实现化肥减施。

关键词: 畜禽粪尿, 养分资源, 替代化肥

Abstract: 【Objective】 The study evaluated the current status of livestock and poultry faeces resources in cities (districts) of Shaanxi provinces and their potential to replace chemical fertilizers, aiming to provide data support for the utilization of faeces resources and reduction of chemical fertilizers. 【Method】 Based on literature and statistical methods, this study used ArcGIS software for data processing and expression, that is, to analyzed the animal husbandry environmental carrying capacity and the potential of replacing chemical fertilizers per sown area by estimating the amount of livestock and poultry faeces production and nutrient content. 【Result】 From 2000 to 2018, the production amount of livestock and poultry faeces in Shaanxi Province was in a descending order of cattle, pig, sheep and poultry. In 2018, the production amount and source of livestock and poultry faeces varied in different cities (districts) in Shaanxi Province, the distribution had regional characteristics. The alarming values of livestock and poultry faeces load per unit sown area in Shaanxi Province and each city (district), r is smaller than 0.4,which belongs to grade of classification I. There is no pollution risk to the environment, which means without the application of chemical fertilizers and returning straw to field, the manure and urine nutrient resources can be safely, efficiently and fully absorbed. The nutrient of manure and urine in animal husbandry could replace 9.57% of the chemical fertilizer in the same period in Shaanxi province. Due to the heavy burden of reducing chemical fertilizers in Guanzhong plain and Yan'an City, and rich nutrients in the crop straw in Shaanxi Province, the combination of livestock and poultry faeces and crop straw can be considered to replace chemical fertilizer. In the condition of city Xi'an, Tongchuan, and Baoji make full use of local livestock and poultry faeces and crop straw nutrients, meanwhile the livestock and poultry faeces and crop straw nutrients in Southern Shaanxi transferred to city of Weinan, the livestock and poultry faeces nutrients in Yulin transferred to city of Xianyang, the crop straw nutrients in Yulin transferred to city of Yan'an, the fertilizer application per unit sown area of city Xi'an, Tongchuan, Baoji, Weinan, Xianyang and Yan'an can be reduced by 15.84%, 16.17%, 24.33%, 28.88%, 28.80% and 41.18%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Through scientific analysis of the structure and total amount of livestock and poultry faeces resources in each city (district), according to the principle of regional cooperation and proximity consumption, the efficiency of resource recycling and utilization can be improved in Shaanxi province, and the reduction of chemical fertilizer application can be realized.

Key words: livestock and poultry faeces, nutrient resource, alternative fertilizer

中图分类号:

X713

冯璞阳, 谢恩泽, 白亚妮, 颜宏, 李文孝, 梁建强, 赵文娟. 陕西省畜禽粪肥资源现状及其替代化肥潜力分析[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2021, 39(3): 391-399.

FENG Puyang, XIE Enze, BAI Yani, YAN Hong, LI Wenxiao, LIANG Jianqiang, ZHAO Wenjuan. Analysis of Nutrient Resources in Livestock and Poultry Faeces and Its Potential to Replace Chemical Fertilizers in Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2021, 39(3): 391-399.

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陕西省畜禽粪肥资源现状及其替代化肥潜力分析

Analysis of Nutrient Resources in Livestock and Poultry Faeces and Its Potential to Replace Chemical Fertilizers in Shaanxi Province

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