化肥减施与木霉菌有机肥配施对辣椒产量、品质及根际土壤酶活性的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2021.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明化肥减施配施木霉菌有机肥对辣椒产量、品质及根际土壤的影响。【方法】利用小区试验,以不施肥（CK）为对照,研究了减量15%、30%、50%化肥配施木霉菌有机肥对辣椒产量、品质及土壤酶活性的影响。【结果】与CK处理相比,各施肥处理均明显提高了单株辣椒生物量、单株产量以及小区产量;与100%化肥处理（A）相比较,化肥减量30%和50%配施木霉菌有机肥处理辣椒生物量、单株产量以及小区产量与100%化肥处理之间无明显差异,但化肥减量配施木霉菌有机肥明显降低了辣椒果实硝酸盐的积累,且花后45 d的辣椒果实可溶性糖含量显著高于A处理; 化肥减量配施木霉菌有机肥显著提高了辣椒果实Vc含量,而可溶性蛋白则明显低于100%化肥处理（A）。此外,化肥减施30%和50%配施木霉菌有机肥明显提高了根际土壤蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性以及铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,降低了硝态氮含量。【结论】化肥减量30%~50%配施木霉菌有机肥能维持辣椒产量,提高果实品质,可能与其调节根际土壤中酶活性、提高土壤有效养分含量以及促进辣椒植株生长有关。

关键词: 化肥减量, 木霉菌有机肥, 产量, 品质, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: 【Objective】 The effects of the reduced application of chemical fertilizers combined with Trichoderma organic fertilizer on yields and qualities of pepper and rhizosphere soil of pepper were explored. 【Method】 With no fertilization (CK) as the control, the effects of the reduced application of chemical fertilizers by 15%, 30% and 50% in combination with Trichoderma organic fertilizer on yields and qualities of pepper and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of pepper were investigated by plot experiments. 【Result】 Compared with CK treatment, all of fertilization treatments increased significantly the biomass and yield per plant and plot yield of pepper. Compared with 100% chemical fertilizer treatment (A), the biomass, yield per plant and plot yield of pepper treated with the reduced application of chemical fertilizer reduction by 30% and 50% in combination with Trichoderma organic fertilizer were not significantly different from 100% chemical fertilizer treatment. Whereas, the application of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with Trichoderma organic fertilizer significantly reduced the nitrate accumulation in pepper fruits, and the soluble sugar content of pepper fruits treated with the application of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with Trichoderma organic fertilizer at 45 days after flowering was markedly higher than that of 100% chemical fertilizer treatment. Combined application of chemical fertilizer reduction with Trichoderma organic fertilizer obviously increased the content of Vc in pepper fruits, while the soluble protein was visibly lower than that of 100% chemical fertilizer treatment (A). In addition, the activities of sucrase, polyphenol oxidase, dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and the contents of ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in rhizosphere soil were remarkably increased by the treatments of 30% and 50% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with Trichoderma organic fertilizer; nevertheless, the content of nitrate nitrogen in pepper fruits was decreased. 【Conclusion】 The reduced application of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with Trichoderma organic fertilizer from 30% to 50% can maintain pepper yield and improve fruit qualities, which may be related to the regulation of enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil, increasing of soil available nutrient contents and promoting the growth of pepper plants.

Key words: chemical fertilizer reduction, Trichoderma organic fertilizer, yield, quality, soil enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S652

靳亚忠, 熊亚男, 孙雪, 李金雨, 李响, 何淑平, 李春霞. 化肥减施与木霉菌有机肥配施对辣椒产量、品质及根际土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2021, 39(2): 198-204.

JIN Yazhong, XIONG Yanan, SUN Xue, LI Jinyu, LI Xiang, HE Shuping, LI Chunxia. Effects of Combined Application of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction with Trichoderma Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Pepper and Enzyme Activities in Rhizosphere Soil[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2021, 39(2): 198-204.

参考文献 41

[1]	胡娟, 吴景贵, 孙继梅, 等. 氮肥减量与缓控肥配施对土壤供氮特征及玉米产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(4): 116-120.
[2]	张正斌, 段子渊, 王丽芳, 等. 黄淮南片粮仓现代农业发展战略[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(3): 309-315.
[3]	李子双, 王薇, 张世文, 等. 氮磷与硅钙肥配施对辣椒产量和品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 458-466.
[4]	汪峰, 李国安, 王丽丽, 等. 减量施氮对大棚黄瓜产量和品质的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(11): 3627-3633.
[5]	CHEN Y T, HU S Y, GUO Z G, et al.Effect of balanced nutrient fertilizer: a case study in Pinggu District, Beijing, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 754:1-8.
[6]	李天来, 杨丽娟. 作物连作障碍的克服: 难解的问题[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(5): 916-918.
[7]	杜春燕, 张齐, 冯涛, 等. 有机肥与化肥对樱桃产量、品质及叶片养分的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2020, 38(2): 105-109.
[8]	宋以玲, 于建, 陈士更, 等. 化肥减量配施生物有机肥对油菜生长及土壤微生物和酶活性影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(1): 352-360.
[9]	李燕青, 温延臣, 林治安, 等. 不同有机肥与化肥配施对作物产量及农田氮肥气态损失的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(11): 1835-1846.
[10]	毕智超, 张浩轩, 房歌, 等. 不同配比有机无机肥料对菜地 N2O 排放的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(1): 154-161.
[11]	曹超群, 张国斌, 杜淼鑫, 等. 不同灌溉量和氮肥施肥深度对日光温室基质栽培辣椒生长及产量的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2018, 53(6): 90-97.
[12]	尹兴, 张丽娟, 李博文, 等. 氮肥与双氰胺配施对温室番茄生产及活性氮排放的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(9): 1725-1734.
[13]	郭广正, 张芬, 沈远鹏, 等. 减氮配施硝化抑制剂对大白菜农学和环境效应评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2020, 39(10): 2307-2315.
[14]	刘笑鸣, 顾万荣, 李从锋, 等. 化学调控和氮肥对高密度下春玉米光热水利用效率和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(15): 3083-3094.
[15]	CHEN K, ZHUANG W Y.Discovery from a large-scaled survey of Trichoderma in soil of China[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 1-37.
[16]	GUZMAN G, ALEMAN M I, DELAYE L, et al.Identification of effector-like proteins in Trichoderma spp. and role of a hydrophobin in the plant-fungus interaction and mycoparasitism[J]. BMC Genetics, 2017, 18(16): 1-20.
[17]	ZAHOOR M, IRSHAD M, RAHMAN H, et al.Alleviation of heavy metal toxicity and phytostimulation of Brassica campestris L. by endophytic Mucor sp. MHR-7[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017, 142: 139-149.
[18]	DE PALMA M, SALZAN M, VILLANO C, et al.Transcriptome reprogramming, epigenetic modifications and alternative splicing orchestrate the tomato root response to the beneficial fungus Trichoderma harzianum[J]. Horticulture Research, 2019, 6(5): 1-15.
[19]	刘秋梅, 陈兴, 孟晓慧, 等. 新型木霉氨基酸有机肥研制及其对番茄的促生效果[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(10): 3314-3322.
[20]	赵政, 陈巍, 王欢, 等. 木霉微生物肥与减量化肥配施对番茄产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2018, 55(5): 1243-1253.
[21]	冯程龙, 王晓婷, 康文晶, 等. 利用小麦秸秆生产木霉分生孢子及其生物有机肥对黄瓜的促生效果[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(5): 1286-1295.
[22]	夏可心, 于亚楠, 张建, 等. 2种木霉生物有机肥对蕹菜产量和品质的影响[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2020, 43(2): 284-291.
[23]	MOLLA A H, HAQUE M M, HAQU M A, et al.Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer enhances production and nutritional quality of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and minimizes NPK fertilizer use[J]. Agricultural Research, 2012, 1(3): 265-272.
[24]	NZANZA B, MARAIS D, SOUNDY P.Yield and nutrient content of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.) as influenced by Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus mosseae inoculation[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2012, 144(3): 55-59.
[25]	陈世化, 夏延斌, 聂乾忠. 辣椒综合利用新进展[J]. 中国食物与营养, 2007(7): 15-18.
[26]	王彦飞, 曹国璠. 不同施肥方式对辣椒产量和经济效益的影响研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(20): 234-237.
[27]	何志学, 颉建明, 卢家柱, 等. 氮肥水平对辣椒产量和品质的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2017, 52(1): 51-56.
[28]	陈淼, 邓晓, 李玮, 等. 不同施肥处理对辣椒产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2019, 47(4): 104-107.
[29]	吴兴洪, 朱青, 陈正刚, 等. 酒糟沼液对辣椒化肥减量增效的应用[J]. 北方园艺, 2018(20): 105-112.
[30]	要晓玮, 梁银丽, 曾睿, 等. 不同有机肥对辣椒品质和产量的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 39(10): 157-162.
[31]	侯立娟, 姚方杰, 宋金俤. 菌糠有机肥对辣椒品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2013, 25(6): 1293-1297.
[32]	崔宏浩, 朱青, 陈正刚, 等. 酒糟沼渣对辣椒产质量及土壤养分的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2018, 31(3): 519-525.
[33]	李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000: 123, 184, 195, 248.
[34]	孔涛, 马瑜, 刘民, 等. 生物有机肥对土壤养分和土壤微生物的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2016, 33(4): 884-891.
[35]	FIORENTINO N, VENTORINO V, WOO S L, et al.Trichoderma-Based biostimulants modulate rhizosphere microbial populations and improve N uptake efficiency, yield, and nutritional quality of leafy vegetables[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018, 9:734-749.
[36]	胡云飞, 李荣林, 杨亦扬, 等. 内生真菌短密木霉对茶树修剪叶降解及土壤真菌的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(3): 820-825.
[37]	BADER A N, SALERNO G L, COVACEVICH F, et al.Native Trichoderma harzianum strains from Argentina produce indole-3 acetic acid and phosphorus solubilization, promote growth and control wilt disease on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)[J]. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 2019, 32(1): 867-873.
[38]	TANDON A, FATIMA T, SHU A, et al.Phosphate solubilization by Trichoderma koningiopsis (NBRI-PR5) under abiotic stress conditions[J]. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 2020, 32(1): 791-798.
[39]	TANDON A, FATIMA T, ANSHU YADAV U, et al.Effect of Trichoderma koningiopsis on chickpea rhizosphere activities under different fertilization regimes[J]. Open Journal of Soil Science, 2018, 8: 261-275.
[40]	罗华, 李敏, 胡大刚, 等. 不同有机肥对肥城桃果实产量及品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(4): 955-964.
[41]	靳亚忠, 陈业雯, 陆淼, 等. 鸡粪及其配施尿素对甜瓜香味物质、酶活性及基因表达的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2019, 37(6): 184-192.