基于整合分析的氮添加对草地植被多样性、生物量及净初级生产力影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2020.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】揭示氮沉降对全球草地生态系统植被多样性、生物量及净初级生产力的综合效应,并探究不同气候条件下氮沉降对于草地影响程度。【方法】根据设计的标准收集整理国内外121篇文献,采用整合定量分析氮沉降对全球草地生态系统的综合效应。【结果】与未施加氮的天然草地相比,氮添加显著提高草地生产能力,其中草地总生物量（P<0.05）、地上生物量（P<0.001）、地下生物量（P<0.01）及地上净生产力（P<0.001）平均效应值分别为24.11%、33.55%、16.38%及29.73%;氮添加显著降低天然草地植被多样性,其中植被香农-威纳指数（P<0.05）及丰富度指数（P<0.01）平均效应值分别下降27.11%及14.65%;年降水会显著影响天然草地植被多样性指数、辛普森指数及覆盖度指数对氮沉降的响应,而不显著影响植物生物量和净生产力对氮沉降的响应,年均温不会显著影响草地植被多样性、生物量及净初级生产力对氮沉降的响应。【结论】大气氮沉降会提高天然草地生态系统的生物量及净生产力,但会造成植物丰富度降低,对草地生态系统物种多样性造成负面影响。

关键词: 整合分析, 氮添加, 生物量, 净初级生产力, 植被多样性, 草地

Abstract: 【Objective】 To reveal effects of nitrogen deposition on grassland vegetation diversity, biomass and net primary productivity. 【Method】 According to the design standard, this study used the meta-analysis method to 121 systematically study main literatures on the effects of nitrogen addition on grassland ecosystems. 【Result】 Compared with natural grassland without nitrogen input, nitrogen addition significantly stimulated grassland production capacity, the average effect values of grassland total biomass(P<0.05), aboveground biomass (P<0.001), underground biomass (P<0.01) and aboveground net productivity (P< 0.001) were 24.11%, 33.55%, 16.38% and 29.73%, respectively; Nitrogen addition significantly reduced the natural grassland vegetation diversity, the average effect values of Shannon-Werner index (P<0.05) and richness index (P<0.01) reduced 27.11% and 14.65%; the mean annual precipitation significantly affected the response of diversity index, Simpson index and coverage index in natural grassland to nitrogen deposition, but had no significantly effect on vegetation biomass and net primary productivity, also the mean annual temperature had no significantly effect on grassland vegetation diversity, biomass and net primary productivity. 【Conclusion】 Atmospheric nitrogen deposition could increase the biomass and net productivity of natural grassland ecosystems, but reduce vegetation richness and make negative impact on species diversity of grassland ecosystems.

Key words: meta-analysis, nitrogen addition, biomass, net primary productivity, vegetation diversity, grassland

中图分类号:

S5-33

张祥林, 胡玉福, 舒向阳, 申屠瑜程, 杨乃瑞, 何佳, 费凯. 基于整合分析的氮添加对草地植被多样性、生物量及净初级生产力影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2020, 38(03): 290-298.

ZHANG Xianglin, HU Yufu, SHU Xiangyang, SHENTU Yucheng, YANG Nairui, HE Jia, FEI Kai. Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Grassland Vegetation Diversity,Biomass and Net Primary Productivity Based on Meta-Analysis[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2020, 38(03): 290-298.

参考文献

[1] GALLOWAY J N, TOWNSEND A R, ERISMAN J W, et al.Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions[J]. Science, 2008, 320(5878): 889-892.
[2] FOWLER D, STEADMAN C E, STEVENSON D, et al.Effects of global change during the 21st century on the nitrogen cycle[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015, 15(24): 1747-1868.
[3] XIAO L, YOBI A, KOSTER K L, et al.Desiccation tolerance in Physcomitrella patens: Rate of dehydration and the involvement of endogenous abscisic acid(ABA)[J]. Plant Cell & Environment, 2018, 41(1): 275-284.
[4] 金樑, 孙莉, 王强, 等. AM真菌在草原生态系统中的功能[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(3): 873-882.
[5] 钟华平, 樊江文, 于贵瑞, 等. 草地生态系统碳循环研究进展[J]. 草地学报, 2005, 13(z1): 67-73.
[6] BAI Y, JIANGUO W U, CLARK C M, et al.Tradeoffs and thresholds in the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: evidence from inner Mongolia Grasslands[J]. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16(1): 358-372.
[7] HOANG C K, PHAM N H, LE C H, et al.Impact of nitrogen fertilizer on the mycorrhizal inoculating potential and fungal community structure in rhizosphere of medicinal plant curcuma longa L[J]. Geomicrobiology Journal, 2019, 36(5): 385-395.
[8] TRANDEL M A, VIGARDT A, WALTERS S A, et al.Nitrogen isotope composition, nitrogen amount, and fruit yield of tomato plants affected by the soil-fertilizer types[J]. Acs Omega, 2018, 3(6): 6419-6426.
[9] HETTELINGH J P, STEVENS C J, POSCH M, et al.Assessing the impacts of nitrogen deposition on plant species richness in Europe[M]//Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments. Springer, Dordrecht, 2015: 573-586.
[10] SIMKIN S M, ALLEN E B, BOWMAN W D, et al.Conditional vulnerability of plant diversity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition across the United States[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016, 113(15): 4086-4081.
[11] MACDOUGALL A S, BENNETT J R, FIRN J, et al.Anthropogenic-based regional-scale factors most consistently explain plot-level exotic diversity in grasslands[J]. Global ecology and biogeography, 2014, 23(7): 802-810.
[12] FIELD C D, DISE N B, PAYNE R J, et al.The role of nitrogen deposition in widespread plant community change across semi-natural habitats[J]. Ecosystems, 2014, 17(5): 864-877.
[13] BOBBINK R, HICKS K, GALLOWAY J, et al.Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis[J]. Ecological Applications, 2010, 20(1): 30-59.
[14] TIAN D, NIU S, PAN Q, et al.Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes and water-use efficiency to nitrogen addition in inner Mongolia Grassland[J]. Functional Ecology, 2016, 30(3): 490-499.
[15] ZHANG T A, CHEN H Y H, RUAN H. Global negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil microbes[J]. Isme Journal, 2018, 12(7): 1817-1825.
[16] JING Z, CHENG J, SU J, et al.Changes in plant community composition and soil properties under 3-decade grazing exclusion in semiarid grassland[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2014, 64: 171-178.
[17] ZHOU X, BOWKER M A, TAO Y, et al.Chronic nitrogen addition induces a cascade of plant community responses with both seasonal and progressive dynamics[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 626: 99-108.
[18] GOUGH L, OSENBERG C W, GROSS K L, et al.Fertilization effects on species density and primary productivity in herbaceous plant communities[J]. Oikos, 2000, 89(3): 428-439.
[19] MIDOLO G, ALKEMADE R, SCHIPPER A M, et al.Impacts of nitrogen addition on plant species richness and abundance: A global meta-analysis[J]. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019, 28(3): 398-413.
[20] BRUNING B, ROZEMA J.Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes: Perspectives for saline agriculture[J]. Environmental & Experimental Botany, 2013, 92(8): 134-143.
[21] LEROUX S J, ALBERT C H, LAFUITE A S, et al.Structural uncertainty in models projecting the consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity[J]. Ecography, 2017, 40(1): 36-47.
[22] DAI Z, ZHANG X, TANG C, et al.Potential role of biochars in decreasing soil acidification-A critical review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 581: 601-611.
[23] LU X, MAO Q, GILLIAM F S, et al.Nitrogen deposition contributes to soil acidification in tropical ecosystems[J]. Global Change Biology, 2014, 20(12): 3790-3801.
[24] SHEN J C, ZHANG Z H, LIU R, et al.Ecological restoration of eroded karst utilizing pioneer moss and vascular plant species with selection based on vegetation diversity and underlying soil chemistry[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2018, 20(14): 1369-1379.
[25] SAMUEL D, DERERO A, KEBEBEW Z, et al.Tree species diversity and spatial distribution patterns on agricultural landscapes in sub-humid Oromia, Ethiopia[J]. Agroforestry Systems, 2019, 93(3): 1015-1029.
[26] PARIHAR M, RAKSHIT A, SINGH H B, et al.Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alkaline soils of hot sub humid eco-region of Middle Gangetic Plains of India[J]. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science, 2019, 69(5): 386-397.
[27] HU M, WILSON B J, SUN Z, et al.Effects of the addition of nitrogen and sulfate on CH₄ and CO₂ emissions, soil, and pore water chemistry in a high marsh of the Min River estuary in southeastern China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 579: 292-304.
[28] MCNULTY S G, BOGGS J L, ABER J D, et al.Spruce-fir forest changes during a 30-year nitrogen saturation experiment[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 605: 376-390.
[29] BUTTURIGOMES D, PETRERE M, GIACOMINI H C, et al.Statistical performance of a multicomparison method for generalized species diversity indices under realistic empirical scenarios[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2017, 72: 545-552.
[30] WU W, HE X D, CI H C, et al.Effects of soil nitrogen: phosphorus ratio on growth rate of Artemisia ordosica seedlings[J]. Sciences in Cold & Arid Regions, 2010, 2(4): 0328-0334.
[31] FERREIRA D, FREIXO C, CABRAL J A, et al.Is wind energy increasing the impact of socio-ecological change on Mediterranean mountain ecosystems? Insights from a modelling study relating wind power boost options with a declining species[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, 238: 283-295.
[32] LEBAUER D S, TRESEDER K K.Nitrogen limitation of net primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems is globally distributed[J]. Ecology, 2008, 89(2): 371-379.
[33] REED E Y, CHADWICK D R, HILL P W, et al.Critical comparison of the impact of biochar and wood ash on soil organic matter cycling and grassland productivity[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2017, 110: 134-142.
[34] LIU C, LIU Y, GUO K, et al.Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium addition on the productivity of a karst grassland: Plant functional group and community perspectives[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2018, 117: 84-95.
[35] XU D, GAO X, GAO T, et al.Interactive effects of nitrogen and silicon addition on growth of five common plant species and structure of plant community in alpine meadow[J]. Catena, 2018, 169: 80-89.
[36] HAO C, CHEN M, LI D, et al.Responses of soil phosphorus availability to nitrogen addition in a legume and a non-legume plantation[J]. Geoderma, 2018, 322: 12-18.
[37] BRAUER V S, STOMP M, HUISMAN J.The nutrient-load hypothesis: patterns of resource limitation and community structure driven by competition for nutrients and light[J]. American Naturalist, 2012, 179(6): 721-740.
[38] TOGNETTI P M, CHANETON E J.Community disassembly and invasion of remnant native grasslands under fluctuating resource supply[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 52(1): 119-128.
[39] SCHLEUSS P M, WIDDIG M, HEINTZ-BUSCHART A, et al.Stoichiometric controls of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling after long-term nitrogen and phosphorus addition in a mesic grassland in South Africa[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2019, 135: 294-303.
[40] HAN Y, DONG S, ZHAO Z, et al.Response of soil nutrients and stoichiometry to elevated nitrogen deposition in alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geoderma, 2019, 343: 263-268.
[41] CHALHOUB M, GARNIER P, COQUET Y, et al.Increased nitrogen availability in soil after repeated compost applications: Use of the PASTIS model to separate short and long-term effects[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013, 65(5): 144-157.
[42] VAN DER LAAN M, BRISTOW K L, STIRZAKER R J, et al. Towards ecologically sustainable crop production: a south African perspective[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2017, 236: 108-119.
[43] ABA S C, NDUKWE O O, AMU C J, et al.The role of trees and plantation agriculture in mitigating global climate change[J]. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 2017, 17(4): 12691-12707.
[44] NING Q, GU Q, SHEN J, et al.Effects of nitrogen deposition rates and frequencies on the abundance of soil nitrogen-related functional genes in temperate grassland of northern China[J]. Journal of Soils & Sediments, 2015, 15(3): 694-704.
[45] BOWMAN W D, STELTZER H, ROSENSTIEL T N, et al.Litter effects of two co-occurring alpine species on plant growth, microbial activity and immobilization of nitrogen[J]. Oikos, 2004, 104(2): 336-344.