环割对“Hort 16A”猕猴桃枝叶营养和果实品质的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2020.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为探明不同环割处理对猕猴桃植株养分状况和果实品质的影响,找出最适环割方法,为制定猕猴桃配套栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】以6年生“Hort16A”为试验材料,研究了不同环割部位、环割时期及环割程度对猕猴桃果实品质和结果蔓中可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉、可溶性蛋白的含量及功能叶中叶绿素含量等生理指标的影响。【结果】①不同环割部位处理结果表明,初花期在主干嫁接口上方5~10 cm、双主蔓分支点上方2 cm或直径≥1.5 cm的结果母蔓分支点上方2 cm处环割一周均可显著提高果实纵经、横径和单果重,但主干环割还可显著提高结果蔓可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量;两主蔓环割可显著提高果实叶黄素、可溶性固形物、总糖和Vc含量;结果母蔓环割可显著提高叶片叶绿素a、b及总量。②不同环割时期处理结果表明,主干上初花期环割比花后10、20 d环割的增产作用更显著,但主干上花后20 d环割的果实叶黄素、可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸含量最高。③不同环割程度处理结果表明,初花期主干环割1周的单果重最大,环割2周的果实叶黄素含量最高,环割3周在降酸增糖并提高结果蔓可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量上效果最显著。④灰色关联度分析后的排名结果显示,初花期两主蔓环割1周和结果母蔓环割1周分别位于第1、2位,而初花期主干上环割1、2、3周分别位于第8、7、6位。【结论】初花期两主蔓环割1周对提高“Hort 16A”植株养分状况和果实品质效果最好。

关键词: 猕猴桃, Hort16A, 环割, 果实品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the influence of different ring cutting treatments on kiwi plant nutrient status and fruit quality, find out the optimal ring cutting method, and provide theoretical basis for the development of kiwi supporting cultivation technology. 【Method】 6-year-old ‘Hort16A’was used as the sample and the girdling treatments at different parts, periods and degrees were set. Some related indexes of fruit quality, the content of soluble sugar, soluble starch, soluble protein in bearing branches,chlorophyll in functional leaves and some other physiological indexes were determined, so as to find out the suitable method of girdling at optimum period and provide theoretical basis of cultivation for this variety. 【Result】①In respect of the girdling position, if one circle was girdled at 5-10 cm above the grafting cut of the trunk, 2 cm above the branch point of double main canes or 2 cm above the branch point of the fruiting canes with diameter greater than or equal to 1.5 cm at the initial flowering period, the fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and single fruit weight were all increased;however, the girdling of trunk could significantly improve the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar, and the girdling of double main canes could greatly increase the contents of xanthophyll, soluble solids, total sugar and vitamin C in the fruits, and the girdling of fruiting canes could remarkably increase the chlorophyll a,b and the total chlorophyll content in leaves. ②In respect of the girdling period, the yield of the girdling on trunk at initial flowering period was significantly higher than that of the girdling at 10th day and 20th day after flowering, but the contents of xanthophyll, soluble solid, total sugar and total acid in the fruits after girdling on trunk at 20 days after flowering were the highest. ③In respect of girdling degree, the mean fruit weight of the treatment with one circle of girdling on trunk at initial flowering period was the heaviest, and the xanthophyll content in the fruits of the treatment with two circles of girdling on trunk was the highest, and the effect of the treatment with three circles of girdling on acid reduction and sugar increased and the increase of the soluble protein and soluble sugar contents were most significantly higher than that of the others. ④The rank with the gray correlation analysis showed that one circle of girdling on two main canes at initial flowering period and one circle of girdling on fruiting canes ranked the 1st and 2nd respectively, and one, two and three circles of girdling on trunk at initial flowering period ranked the 8th, 7th and 6th respectively. 【Conclusion】 One circle of girdling of the double main canes in the early flowering stage was conducive to improving the plant nutrient status and fruit quality of ‘Hort 16A’kiwifruit.

Key words: kiwifruit, Hort16A, girdling, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S662.1

涂美艳, 陈栋, 李靖, 孙淑霞, 刘春阳, 宋海岩, 刘飘, 江国良, 廖明安. 环割对“Hort 16A”猕猴桃枝叶营养和果实品质的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2020, 38(01): 79-86.

TU Meiyan, CHEN Dong, LI Jing, SUN Shuxia, LIU Chunyang, SONG Haiyan, LIU Piao, JIANG Guoliang, LIAO Ming′an. Effect of Girdling Treatments on the Nutrition of Branches and Leaves and the Fruit Quality of ‘Hort 16A’ Kiwifruit[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2020, 38(01): 79-86.

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