一个新的薄皮甜瓜叶色突变体的生理特性及超微结构分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为了研究薄皮甜瓜自然黄化转绿突变体（MT）与非突变亲本（WT）在生长、生理特性、光合作用及叶绿体发育等方面的区别与变化，【方法】对MT、WT及组配子代F1（MT×WT），rF1（WT×MT）的主要农艺性状、光合指标、光合色素含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量、叶绿体超微结构进行了测定和比较分析。【结果】结果显示，与WT相比，MT植株长势较弱，生育期滞后，光合同化效率无显著差异。通过杂交，F1、rF1可恢复正常生长；MT的叶片颜色随生长发育而转变，从黄色转为黄绿色，叶脉为绿色，叶片中叶绿素含量显著低于WT，在结果期MT叶片中叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量较WT降低了25.70 %、21.26 %，但叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值显著高于WT；自然黄化转绿突变体MT的SOD、POD、CAT酶活性以及MDA含量高于WT，在结果期，分别提高了65.45 %、13.91 %、3.23 %、15.14 %；透射电镜观察结果显示黄化转绿突变体MT的叶绿体中基粒片层堆叠不规律，间距大，排列疏松，双层膜结构不清晰，叶绿体结构发育异常，与WT差异明显。【结论】在全生育期中，虽然MT植株矮小，叶绿素含量均显著低于WT，叶绿体结构也有所差异，但光合速率却无显著差异，说明其光合机构功能基本完好；在结果期，MT叶片中抗氧化酶活性均显著高于WT，MDA含量在全生育期中均显著高于WT，说明MT抗氧化酶系统较WT反应更为活跃，但F1、rF1与WT差异不显著。本研究结果初步阐明了甜瓜叶色黄化突变体的光合生理机制的基本反应和差异，丰富了叶色突变体的研究理论，为继续深入研究黄化突变基因提供了重要参考。

关键词: 薄皮甜瓜, 黄化转绿突变体, 农艺性状, 光合色素含量, 叶绿体超微结构

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the changes in the growth, the physiological characteristics and the chloroplast development between the leaf color mutant (MT) and the wild type (WT). 【Method】Agronomic traits, photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) activity and MDA content and chloroplast ultrastructure of MT, WT, F1(MT×WT) and rF1(WT×MT) were investigated. 【Results】It follows from the results that the weaker growth of MT yielded a delayed growth period, but there was no significant change in the photosynthetic rate, and with hybridization F1, rF1 could be back to the normal growth. The leaf color of MT changed with the growth and developed from yellow to yellowish green, but the veins were still green. The chlorophyll content of MT leaf was significantly lower than in WT. The Chlorophyll and carotenoid content reduced by 25.70 % and 21.26% during the fruiting period. But the ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in MT leaf was significantly higher than in WT. SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activity and MDA content were higher than in WT, and increased by65.45 %、13.91 %、3.23 %、15.14 % in the period, respectively. The observation of transmission electron microscopy(TEM) showed that the stacking of grana was irregular in the chloroplast structure of MT leaf, and the grana lamellae were deranged with a line shape and were less stacked, indicating differences in the chloroplast structures of MT and WT.【Conclusion】In the whole growth period, despite the short height with MT growth, the significantly lower chlorophyll content than in WT and different chloroplast structure, there is no significant difference in the photosynthetic rate, showing a basically intact function of the photosynthetic apparatus. The antioxidant enzyme activity in MT were significantly higher than in WT during fruiting period, and the MDA content in MT were also significantly higher than in WT in the whole growth period, but no significant difference among F1, rF1, and WT. This study preliminarily has elucidated the basic reaction and the differences in the Photosynthetic Physiological Mechanism of melon leaf color yellowing mutant, enriching the research theory of the leaf color mutant and providing important reference for the further research on the yellow mutant gene.

Key words: melon, yellow green-revertible mutant, agronomic traits, photosynthetic pigment content, the chloroplast ultrastructure

赖艳付秋实吕建春周梦迪何茂许炜萍王怀松黄志. 一个新的薄皮甜瓜叶色突变体的生理特性及超微结构分析[J]. , 2018, 36(03): 0-0.

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