川西高原圈养林麝（Moschus berezovskii）的麝香分泌及影响因素研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】基于对四川马尔康林麝繁育场圈养雄性林麝（Moschus berezovskii）麝香分泌的监测，分析圈养林麝泌香的分泌格局，确定个体年龄、圈群性比及圈舍结构对其麝香产量的影响，为高生产力林麝驯养及麝香可持续供给提供参考。【方法】监测四川马尔康林麝繁育场圈养林麝的麝香分泌，基于个体识别及麝香的人工采收，准确记录麝香产量（用吸水纸吸去表面浮液后的麝香重）。【结果】四川马尔康麝场圈养雄性林麝的泌香量区间为0~19.60 g，均值为9.24±0.77 g；因圈舍改装及随后转圈的综合胁迫效应，泥地基底圈舍中的雄麝泌香量（8.52±1.29 g）显著低于砖地基底的原装圈舍中的林麝（9.99±0.84g）(P<0.01)；马尔康林麝的泌香峰值年龄段是4-7岁，其泌香量均值为9.63 g（±0.82）。随年龄增长，雄麝泌香量有减少的趋势，但林麝年龄对其泌香量的效应不显著（P>0.05）。模型y=-0.3711+2.4401a+0.0507a2-0.0284a3可近似拟合雄麝泌香量同年龄的关系；圈群的雌雄性比对雄麝泌香量的效应显著（P=0.05），性比为1雌4雄圈群的雄麝泌香量（4.90±2.23 g）显著低于性比为1雌5雄圈群（10.70±1.21 g,）(P<0.05）和性比为1雌6雄的圈群雄麝的泌香量（9.85±0.99 g）（P<0.05），后两类雄麝的麝香分泌量无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】砖地基底圈舍林麝的麝香产量显著高于泥地基底圈舍(P<0.01)；虽圈养林麝年龄对泌香量的效应不显著(P>0.05)，但随年龄递增，雄麝泌香量有减少的趋势；就麝香生产而言，马尔康麝场组建圈群的最适雌雄性比为5~6（P<0.05）。

关键词: 圈养, 林麝（Moschus berezovskii）, 麝香分泌, 川西高原

Abstract: 【Objectives】On the bases of the monitoring of musk production of captive male forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in Maerkang Musk Deer Farm (MMDF) of Sichuan Province, the musk-secreting pattern was analyzed to determine the potential impacts on musk secretion from such factors as age-class, sex ratio and group structure, which can contribute to improve musk deer farming and provide sustainable musk.【Method】This study was conducted in Maerkang Musk Deer Farm (MMDF) of Sichuan Province in March 2013, the data of musk production and individual identification were collected on 45 captive male deer. The captive males were divided into groups by such variables as age, age-class, enclosure and sex-ratio of males to females, and the potential impacts of the above variables on the musk production were explored. 【Result】The results showed that, the annual average musk extraction per animal was 9.24±0.77 g (n=45) with the range from 0 g to 19.60 g. Owing to the integrative stress resulted from the changes of the enclosure facilities and the enclosure-population, the males in refined enclosures with soil-ground produced significantly less musk (8.52±1.29 g, n=23) than those in the original enclosures with brick-ground (9.99±0.84g, n=22) (P<0.01). Although the older individuals were inclined to secrete less musk, the effect of age on the musk-secretion was insignificant (P>0.05). The peak age of musk-secretion for deer in MMDF was from 4.5 to 7.5 years old, during which the average musk-secretion per animal was 9.63 g (±0.82, n=34). The cubic model y=-0.3711+2.4401a+0.0507a2-0.0284a3 fitted the relationship between the male’s age and its musk secretion. The sex ratio (females to males) of enclosure population imposed significant impacts upon the musk-secretion (P=0.05), and the males in enclosures with the sex-ratio of 4 produced significant less than those in enclosures with the sex-ratio of 5 and of 6 (P<0.05), but no significant difference lied between the later two classes of males. 【Conclusion】The males in refined enclosures with soil-ground produced significantly less musk than those in the original enclosures with brick-ground; The peak age of musk-secretion for deer in MMDF was from 4.5 to 7.5 years old, and the effect of age on the musk-secretion was insignificant; The optimal sex-ratio for the musk deer farming of MMDF is from 5 to 6.

Key words: In captivity, Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), Musk production, West Plateau of Sichuan Province

中图分类号:

S864.5

郭妍妍孟秀祥. 川西高原圈养林麝（Moschus berezovskii）的麝香分泌及影响因素研究[J]. , 2018, 36(02): 273-278.

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