优化栽培措施对三峡糯一号主要生理指标和产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2650.2014.02.002

四川农业大学学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (02): 126-133.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2650.2014.02.002

优化栽培措施对三峡糯一号主要生理指标和产量的影响

谢必武¹, 张凤龙¹, 张甲², 晏承兴², 张世平²

1. 重庆三峡职业学院, 重庆万州 404155;
2. 重庆三峡农业科学院, 重庆万州 404155

收稿日期:2014-04-03 出版日期:2014-06-30 发布日期:2017-02-28
作者简介:谢必武,教授,主要从事作物栽培研究,E-mail:cqxiebw@163.com。
基金资助:
重庆高等职业技术院校应用技术推广中心项目:高产优质抗逆糯稻新品种三峡糯一号中试与示范(项目编号:TG1310002)

Effects of Optimized Cultivation Measures on Physiological Index and Yield of Sanxia Glutinous-1 Rice

XIE Bi-wu¹, ZHANG Feng-long¹, ZHANG Jia², YAN Cheng-xing², ZHANG Shi-ping²

1. Chongqing Three Gorges Polytechnic College, Wanzhou 404155, Chongqing, China;
2. Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Science, Wanzhou 404155, Chongqing, China

Received:2014-04-03 Online:2014-06-30 Published:2017-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 探明早熟糯稻新品种三峡糯一号的配套栽培技术及高产机理。[方法] 应用三因素二次正交回归旋转组合设计,建立了栽插密度、施氮量、移栽叶龄与三峡糯一号根系活力、剑叶光合速率、基部叶片叶绿素含量、基部叶片POD酶活性等主要生理指标的数学模型,并通过模拟寻优出优化栽培措施方案。[结果] 施氮量是影响三峡糯一号生理指标的主要因素,增大施氮量(137.55~172.50 kg/hm²)可提高水稻根系活力,基部叶片叶绿素含量增加,剑叶光合速率高,但施氮量少(34.96~86.25 kg/hm²)能促进POD酶活性,过大的施氮量(超过137.55 kg/hm²)又会抑制POD酶活性;低密度(15.00~18.75万穴/hm²)可促进水稻根系活力的增加、剑叶光合速率高、加速光合物的转化,而高密度(28.13~37.50万穴/hm²)抑制水稻根系活力的增加、剑叶光合速率低、光合物转化减慢、不利于产量的形成;小苗秧(3.0~5.0叶)叶片叶绿素合成速度快,大苗秧(7.0~8.5叶)叶片叶绿素合成速度减慢;栽插密度和施氮量在低水平(-1.682~0)水平区间,其增产效果非常明显,原因在于二者对POD酶活性、根系活力的促进及加速光合物转化。[结论] 三峡糯一号高产组合方案为:栽插密度22.53~24.45万穴/hm²、施氮量131.23~136.11 kg/hm²、栽插叶龄为5.07~6.17叶。在这样的栽培措施下,三峡糯一号有95%的把握可达到根系活力大于27.31 μg/(gFW·h)、剑叶光合速率大于3.43 CO₂ mg/(dm²·h)、基部叶片叶绿素高于23.88 mg/g、基部叶片POD酶含量高于23.88 POD470/(g·min)的高产生理指标和产量在8 362.87 kg/hm²以上。

关键词: 三峡糯一号, 生理指标, 密度, 施氮量, 叶龄, 优化措施

Abstract: [Objective] Our aim of the study was to explore the cultivation techniques of the new early-ripening rice of Sanxia glutinous-1 and to suggest mechanisms of high yield. [Method] A three factors (transplanting density,nitrogen addition and leaf age) and two orthogonal regression rotation combination design was used in this study.Some physiological index,root vigor,photosynthetic rate of sword leaves and chlorophyll content and POD activity of basal was estimated.The optimization cultivation measures were obtained based on mathematical simulation. [Results] Nitrogen was the key factor affecting physiological index of Sanxia glutinous-1.Nitrogen application rate from 137.55 to 172.50 kg/hm² improved root activity,chlorophyll content of basal leaves and photosynthetic rate flag leaf.But nitrogen applidtion rates between 34.96 and 86.25 kg/hm² promoted POD activity.More than 137.55 kg/hm² nitrogen inhibited POD activity.Low density (150 000-187 500 poin t/hm²)increased root activity,flag leaf photosynthetic rate and transformation of photosynthetic matter.However,high density (281 300-375 000 poin t/hm²)decreased root activity,flag leaf photosynthetic rate,transformation of photosynthetic matter and yield formation.Leaf chlorophyll synthesis was fast in small seedlings with 3.0-5.0leaves but the opposite was true for big seedlings with 7.0-8.5leaves.when planting density and nitrogen application rate were at a low interval (-1.682-0),effects of increasing yield was very obvious.This was mainly because they together promote root activity,POD activity and photosynthetic conversion. [Conclusion] The schemes of high yield in Sanxia glutinous-1were shown as followed:Planting density 225 300-244 500 poin t/hm²,nitrogen application 131.23-136.11 kg/hm² and leaf age of 5.07-6.17.Under the cultivation measures,95% confidence could be reached in the following parameters:Root activity > 27.31 μg/(gFW·h),photosynthetic rate of flag leaf > 3.43 CO₂ mg/(dm²·h),chlorophyll of basal leaves > 23.88 mg/g,POD content of basal leaves > 23.88 POD470/(g·min) and the yield > 8 362.87 kg/hm².

Key words: Sanxia nuo 1, physiological index, density, nitrogen application rate, leaf age, the optimization measures

中图分类号:

S511.06

谢必武, 张凤龙, 张甲, 晏承兴, 张世平. 优化栽培措施对三峡糯一号主要生理指标和产量的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2014, 32(02): 126-133.

XIE Bi-wu, ZHANG Feng-long, ZHANG Jia, YAN Cheng-xing, ZHANG Shi-ping. Effects of Optimized Cultivation Measures on Physiological Index and Yield of Sanxia Glutinous-1 Rice[J]. jsau, 2014, 32(02): 126-133.

[1]	余学杰, 刘柏宏, 柯永培, 赵长云, 夏伟, 石海春. 密度和植物生长调节剂对瑞玉16株高及产量的影响研究[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2019, 37(06): 771-776.
[2]	刘昱, 杨莉莉. 效率视阈下的农用地经济密度评价研究[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2019, 37(04): 579-588.
[3]	陈伟, 李强, 刘晓林, 吴雅薇, 金容, 袁继超, 孔凡磊. 密度与行距配置对川中丘区玉米物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2019, 37(03): 301-307.
[4]	韩红金, 蔡永华, 程建国, 付文龙, 盛岩, 郭凤鹏, 周燕荣, 孟秀祥. 圈养林麝（Moschus berezovskii）行为特征及影响因素[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2019, 37(01): 116-121.
[5]	燕一波. 汽车尾气胁迫对4种樟科幼树叶片[J]. , 2017, 35(02): 0-0.
[6]	吴文斌, 黄朝法, 郑德祥, 陈信旺, 郑淑娟, 康海军, 缪三华. 福建省森林碳储量及碳密度特征分析[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2016, 34(03): 298-303.
[7]	铁槐茂, 石丹, 银龙, 石蓉, 勾玉晓, 姜俊. 瓦氏黄颡鱼血液生理指标与外周血细胞组成及显微结构[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2015, 33(01): 78-83.
[8]	赵益强. 基于FCS的烟叶温室控制系统设计与实现[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2010, 28(03): 280-284.
[9]	赵益强. 种植密度和施氮量对鲜食糯玉米鲜果穗主要营养成分的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2010, 28(03): 280-284.
[10]	王小春杨文钰张　超程元帅. 川中丘区套作条件下不同株型玉米高产优质群体构建[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2009, 27(2): 153-156.
[11]	胡根海, 王清连, 张金宝, 张展望, 张小涛, 方东波. 早熟棉花新材料生理指标动态变化规律[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2009, 27(03): 275-278.
[12]	王小春, 杨文钰, 张超, 程元帅. 川中丘区套作条件下不同株型玉米高产优质群体构建[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2009, 27(02): 153-156.
[13]	雍远成, 袁继超, 杨世民, 谢力, 谢冰, 陈真, 周红. 攀西地区水稻高产氮肥运筹模式的研究[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2007, 25(04): 384-387.
[14]	陈灵鸷, 杨春华, 傅鲜桃, 刘利芬. 扁穗牛鞭草光合特性研究[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2007, 25(04): 484-488.
[15]	武卫国, 胡庭兴, 周朝彬, 李进峰, 曾晓东. 不同密度巨桉林草复合模式初期土壤特征研究[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2007, 25(01): 76-81.

优化栽培措施对三峡糯一号主要生理指标和产量的影响

Effects of Optimized Cultivation Measures on Physiological Index and Yield of Sanxia Glutinous-1 Rice

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0