林分密度对云顶山柏木人工林林下物种多样性和生物量的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.202305240

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的: 为探究林分密度对林下植被物种多样性和生物量的影响及二者之间的相关性。方法: 本研究采用典型样地法对四川省金堂县云顶山5种不同林分密度（500、650、800、950、1 100株/hm²）的柏木（Cupressus funebris）人工林进行植被调查,统计林下物种多样性和生物量。结果: 结果表明：共记录植物172种,隶属于78科137属。随着林分密度增大,灌木层多样性指数均呈先增后减的单峰变化,基本在密度650株/hm²达到最大,草本层多样性指数则多呈先增后减再增再减的双峰变化,在密度650株/hm²和950株/hm²出现峰值。灌木、草本层生物量均在密度650株/hm²达到最大且均有地上生物量大于地下生物量。灌木层物种重要值与其各层生物量和草本层地上、全株生物量均呈极显著正相关,草本层物种重要值与其地上、全株生物量均呈极显著正相关。结论: 研究认为该地柏木人工林可在650株/hm²的密度下维持较高的林下植被物种多样性和生物量,利于其林下植被的健康发展。

关键词: 林分密度, 柏木人工林, 林下植被, 物种多样性, 生物量

Abstract: 【Objective】 This paper aims to explore the influence of stand density on species diversity and biomass of understory vegetation and the correlation between them. 【Method】 In this study, the typical site method was used to investigate the Cupressus funebris plantations with five different forest densities （500, 650, 800, 950 and 1 100 tree/ hm; 2） in Yunding Mountain, Jintang County, Sichuan Province, to calculate the diversity and biomass of the understory species. 【Result】 The results showed that a total of 172 plant species were recorded, belonging to 137 genera of 78 families. With the increase of stand density, the diversity index of shrub layer showed a unimodal change of first increase and then decrease, basically reached the maximum at the density of 650 tree/hm; 2, while the diversity index of herbaceous layer mostly showed bimodal changes of first increase and then decrease and then increase and then decrease, with peak values at the densities of 650 tree/hm; 2 and 950 tree/hm; 2. The biomass of shrub and herbaceous layer reached the maximum at the density of 650 tree/hm; 2, and the aboveground biomass was greater than the underground biomass. The important values of shrub species were highly positively correlated with their biomass of each layer and the aboveground and whole plant biomass of the herbaceous layer, and the important values of the species in the herbaceous layer were highly positively correlated with their aboveground and whole plant biomass. 【Conclusion】 It is concluded that the cypress plantation can maintain high species diversity and biomass of understory vegetation at a density of 650 tree/hm; 2, which is conducive to the healthy development of understory vegetation.

Key words: stand density, Cupressus funebris plantation, understory vegetation, species diversity, biomass

中图分类号:

S718.54

陈波兰, 吴雨茹, 钟欣艺, 许银, 陈辉琴, 唐岚, 白一术, 郝建锋. 林分密度对云顶山柏木人工林林下物种多样性和生物量的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2023, 41(4): 665-672.

CHEN Bolan, WU Yuru, ZHONG Xinyi, XU Yin, CHEN Huiqin, TANG Lan, BAI Yishu, HAO Jianfeng. Effects of Stand Density on Understory Plant Diversity and Biomass in a Cupressus funebris Plantation in Yunding Mountain[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2023, 41(4): 665-672.

参考文献

[1] 汪殿蓓, 暨淑仪, 陈飞鹏. 植物群落物种多样性研究综述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2001(4): 55-60.
[2] 汝海丽, 张海东, 焦峰, 等. 黄土丘陵区微地形对草地植物群落结构组成和功能特征的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(1): 25-32.
[3] 张健, 刘国彬. 黄土丘陵区不同植被恢复模式对沟谷地植物群落生物量和物种多样性的影响[J]. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(2): 207-217.
[4] 金艳强, 李敬, 刘运通, 等. 围封对元江稀树灌草丛林下植被物种组成及生物量分配的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(2): 343-348.
[5] WAGNER S, FISCHER H, HUTH F.Canopy effects on vegetation caused by harvesting and regeneration treatments[J]. European Journal of Forest Research, 2011, 130(1): 17-40.
[6] SU X, WANG M, HUANG Z, et al.Forest Understorey Vegetation: Colonization and the Availability and Heterogeneity of Resources[J]. Forests, 2019, 10(11): 944.
[7] 郑晓阳, 赵冲, 刘青青, 等. 成熟杉木人工林林下草本层生态位特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(2): 332-338.
[8] 金艳强, 包维楷. 四川柏木人工林林下植被生物量与林分结构的关系[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(20): 5849-5859.
[9] 毛亦杨, 陈富强, 郭勇, 等. 不同林龄红锥人工林林下植被物种多样性恢复动态[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2021, 27(4): 930-937.
[10] 闫玮明, 孙冰, 裴男才, 等. 粤北阔叶人工林和次生林植物多样性与土壤理化性质相关性研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2019, 28(5): 898-907.
[11] 姚茂和, 盛炜彤, 熊有强. 杉木人工林林下植被对立地的指示意义[J]. 林业科学, 1992(3): 208-212.
[12] 车少辉, 张建国. 基于自稀疏理论的杉木人工林密度指标研究[J]. 植物研究, 2012, 32(3): 343-347.
[13] 康冰, 刘世荣, 蔡道雄, 等. 马尾松人工林林分密度对林下植被及土壤性质的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(10): 2323-2331.
[14] 赵丽娅, 钟韩珊, 赵美玉, 等. 围封和放牧对科尔沁沙地群落物种多样性与地上生物量的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2018, 27(10): 1783-1790.
[15] 杨路存, 赵玉红, 徐文华, 等. 青海省高寒灌丛物种多样性、生物量及其关系[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(1): 309-315.
[16] 王娟, 张登山, 肖元明, 等. 物种多样性和功能性状驱动高寒草原地上生物量对长期禁牧的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2023, 43(6): 2465-2475.
[17] 谢川, 陈俊华, 谢天资, 等. 川中丘陵区人工柏木林林下群落谱系结构[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(4): 804-811.
[18] 陈丝露, 赵敏, 李贤伟, 等. 柏木低效林不同改造模式优势草本植物多样性及其生态位[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(1): 143-155.
[19] 方精云, 王襄平, 沈泽昊, 等. 植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范[J]. 生物多样性, 2009, 17(6): 533-548.
[20] 杨昆, 管东生. 林下植被的生物量分布特征及其作用[J]. 生态学杂志, 2006(10): 1252-1256.
[21] 张荣, 李婷婷, 金锁, 等. 人为干扰对蒙顶山木荷次生林物种多样性及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2020, 37(5): 867-875.
[22] 吴海平, 孙清琳, 张彦君, 等. 不同密度油松人工林群落特征与物种多样性耦合关系[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2022, 37(5): 1-8.
[23] 孙千惠, 吴霞, 王媚臻, 等. 林分密度对马尾松林林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(3): 732-738.
[24] 陈露蔓, 吕倩, 刘思泽, 等. 柏木低效人工林开窗初期草本层植物多样性及生态位[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2021, 27(5): 1178-1185.
[25] 张春雨. 通过种群互作阐释森林群落多样性格局[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2014, 36(6): 60-65.
[26] 黎磊, 周道玮, 盛连喜. 密度制约决定的植物生物量分配格局[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(8): 1579-1589.
[27] POORTER H, NIKLAS K J, REICH P B, et al.Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta‐analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control[J]. New Phytologist, 2012, 193(1): 30-50.
[28] MCCARTHY M C, ENQUIST B J.Consistency between an allometric approach and optimal partitioning theory in global patterns of plant biomass allocation[J]. Functional Ecology, 2007, 21(4): 713-720.
[29] 侯磊, 张硕新, 陈云明, 等. 林分密度对人工油松林下植物的影响[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2013, 28(3): 46-52.
[30] 张彦雷, 康峰峰, 韩海荣, 等. 太岳山油松人工林林下植被生物量影响因子分析[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2015, 35(1): 104-108+125.
[31] CHAI Y, ZHONG J, ZHAO J, et al.Environment and plant traits explain shrub biomass allocation and species composition across ecoregions in North China[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2021, 32(6).
[32] 王敏, 周润惠, 余飞燕, 等. 不同林龄桉树人工林林下物种多样性和生物量的动态变化[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(4): 496-505.
[33] 陈彭祯霓, 任亮晶, 罗辑, 等. 海螺沟冰川退缩区原生演替序列植被物种多样性与生物量的关系[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2022, 28(5): 1129-1136.
[34] 刘世荣, 杨予静, 王晖. 中国人工林经营发展战略与对策:从追求木材产量的单一目标经营转向提升生态系统服务质量和效益的多目标经营[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(1): 1-10.