饲粮中添加不同形式氧化锌对肉兔肠道形态、食糜消化酶活性和盲肠发酵的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.202303243

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的: 旨在研究不同形式氧化锌对肉兔肠道形态、空肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白基因表达、肠道食糜消化酶活性和盲肠发酵的影响。方法: 选取162只35日龄断奶新西兰白兔,随机分为3组,每组27个重复,每个重复2只,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加锌水平为120 mg/kg的饲料级氧化锌（F-ZnO）、纳米氧化锌（N-ZnO）和包被氧化锌（C-ZnO）的饲粮。正试期42 d,分别于21 d和42 d每组选择6只试验兔（即每组6个重复,每个重复1只）屠宰取样,测定肠道和食糜相关指标。结果: ①与F-ZnO相比,饲粮添加N-ZnO和C-ZnO均显著提高肉兔十二指肠绒毛高度,降低隐窝深度,提高绒隐比（V/C）（P<0.05）。与F-ZnO和C-ZnO相比,N-ZnO显著提高21 d回肠绒毛高度,降低隐窝深度,提高V/C（P<0.05）;显著降低42 d空肠隐窝深度,提高V/C（P<0.05）。②与F-ZnO相比,饲粮添加N-ZnO和C-ZnO均可显著提高试验第21天肉兔空肠Claudin、ZO-1和ZO-2基因表达（P<0.05）,显著提高试验第42天空肠Occludin基因表达（P<0.05）。③与F-ZnO相比,N-ZnO可显著提高试验第42 d盲肠食糜纤维素酶活性（P<0.05）。3组间空肠食糜脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性,盲肠食糜半纤维素酶和果胶酶活性各组间无显著差异（P>0.05）,盲肠食糜总挥发性脂肪酸及乙酸、丙酸和丁酸比例无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论: 肉兔饲粮添加N-ZnO和C-ZnO改善小肠形态结构,提高空肠黏膜紧密连接,促进了肉兔肠道健康,C-ZnO效果更优。

关键词: 氧化锌, 纳米氧化锌, 包被氧化锌, 肉兔, 肠道形态, 肠道生理

Abstract: 【Objective】 The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different forms of zinc oxide on intestinal morphology, the expression of tight junction protein gene in jejunum mucosa,intestinal chymase activity and cecal fermentation in meat rabbits. 【Method】 A total of 162 New Zealand white rabbits,weaned at an age of 35 d , were randomly divided into three groups, with 27 replicates in each group and 2 rabbits in each replicate. They were fed with a basal diet supplemented with feed grade zinc oxide （F-ZnO）, nano zinc oxide （N-ZnO） and coated zinc oxide （C-ZnO） at a zinc level of 120 mg/kg in the basic diet. During the trial period of 42 days, 6 rabbits in each group were selected for slaughter sampling at 21 d and 42 d respectively. 【Result】 ① Compared with F-ZnO, dietary N-ZnO and C-ZnO significantly increased duodenal villus height, decreased crypt depth and increased villus/crypt ratio （V/C）（P<0.05）. Compared with F-ZnO and C-ZnO, N-ZnO significantly increased the ileal villus height , decreased the crypt depth, and increased V/C at 21 days of test （P<0.05）.And the depth of jejunal recess was significantly decreased and V/C was increased at 42 days of test （P<0.05）. ② Compared with F-ZnO, both the genes expression of Claudin, ZO-1 and ZO-2 at 21 d and that of Occludin at 42 d in the jejunum mucosa of meat rabbits in N-ZnO group and C-ZnO group were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. ③ Compared with F-ZnO, N-ZnO significantly increased the cellulase activity of caecal chyme at 42 d （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the activities of lipase, amylase and trypsin in jejunum chyme, hemicellulase and pectinase in cecal chyme in rabbits among the three groups （P>0.05）, and N-ZnO and C-ZnO did not affect concentration of the total volatile fatty acids and the proportion of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in cecal chyme of rabbits （P>0.05）. 【Conclusion】 The addition of N-ZnO and C-ZnO can promote the morphological development of small intestine in meat rabbits, improve the tight connection of jejunum mucosa , and enhance the intestinal health of meat rabbits.

Key words: zinc oxide, zinc oxide nanoparticle, coated zinc oxide, meat rabbit, intestinal morphology, intestinal physiology

中图分类号:

S829.1

蔡景义, 吴霜, 张叶, 况应谷, 刘光芒, 赵华, 贾刚, 田刚. 饲粮中添加不同形式氧化锌对肉兔肠道形态、食糜消化酶活性和盲肠发酵的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2023, 41(4): 719-726.

CAI Jingyi, WU Shuang, ZHANG Ye, KUANG Yinggu, LIU Guangmang, ZHAO Hua, JIA Gang, TIAN Gang. Effects of Different Forms of Zinc Oxide Supplementation on Intestinal Morphology, Chyme Digestive Enzyme Activity and Caecal Fermentation in Meat Rabbits[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2023, 41(4): 719-726.

参考文献

[1] WAN Y, ZHANG B K.The impact of zinc and zinc homeostasis on the intestinal mucosal barrier and intestinal diseases[J]. Biomolecules, 2022, 12(7): 900-915.
[2] KALITA A, TALUKDAR M, SARMA K, et al.Small intestinal mucosal cells in piglets fed with probiotic and zinc: a qualitative and quantitative microanatomical study[J]. Folia Morphologica,2021, 80(3): 605-617.
[3] LEE J H, HOSSEINDOUST A, KIM K Y, et al.Improved growth performance, antioxidant status, digestive enzymes, nutrient digestibility and zinc bioavailability of broiler chickens with nano-sized hot-melt extruded zinc sulfate[J]. Biological Trace Element Research, 2022, 200(3): 1321-1330.
[4] IBRAHIM M S, EI-GENDI G M I, AHMED A I, et al. Nano zinc versus bulk zinc form as dietary supplied: effects on growth, intestinal enzymes and topography, and hemato-biochemical and oxidative stress biomarker in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus,1758)[J]. Biological Trace Element Research, 2022, 200(3): 1347-1360.
[5] YANG J Z, WANG T T, LIN G, et al.The assessment of dietary organic zinc on zinc homeostasis, antioxidant capacity, immune response, glycolysis and intestinal microbiota in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931)[J]. Antioxidants, 2022, 11(8): 1492-1512.
[6] HOU G J, ZHANG M Y, WANG J, et al. Chitosan-chelated zinc modulates ileal microbiota, ileal microbial metabolites, and intestinal function in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2021, 105(19): 7529-7544.
[7] WANG W, NOEMIE V N, DEGROOTE J, et al.Effect of zinc oxide sources and dosages on gut microbiota and integrity of weaned piglets[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2019, 103(1): 231-241.
[8] HU C H, SONG Z H, XIAO K, et al.Zinc oxide influences intestinal integrity, the expressions of genes associated with inflammation and TLR4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling pathways in weanling pigs[J]. Innate Immunity, 2014, 20(5): 478-486.
[9] EDWARDS H M, BAKER D H. Bioavailability of zinc in several sources of zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, and zinc metal[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1999, 77(10): 2730-2735.
[10] HAHN J D, BAKER D H.Growth and plasma zinc responses of young pigs fed pharmacologic levels of zinc[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1993, 71(11): 3020-3024.
[11] SUN Y B, ZHANG L Y, HE DT, et al.Effects of nano zinc oxide as an alternative to pharmacological dose of zinc oxide on growth performance, diarrhea, immune responses, and intestinal microflora profile in weaned piglets[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2019, 257(10): 114312.
[12] BAHRAMPOUR K, ZIAEI N, ESMAEILIPOUR O A.Feeding nano particles of vitamin C and zinc oxide: effect on growth performance, immune response, intestinal morphology and blood constituents in heat stressed broiler chickens[J]. Livestock Science, 2021, 253(11): 104719.
[13] HAN J H, SONG M H, HA N K, et al.Effects of the lipid-coated zinc oxide dietary supplement on intestinal mucosal morphology and gene expression associated with the gut health in weanling pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88[J]. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2018, 98(3): 538-547.
[14] 蔡景义, 吴霜, 况应谷, 等. 不同形式氧化锌对肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022, 34(11): 7342-7349.
[15] 施特尔马赫著, 钱嘉渊译. 酶的测定方法[M]. 北京: 中国轻工业出版社, 1992.
[16] PETERSON L W, ARTIS D.Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis[J]. Nature Reviews Immunology, 2014, 14(3): 141-153.
[17] ZHU C, LV H, CHEN Z, et al.Dietary zinc oxide modulates antioxidant capacity, small intestine development, and jejunal gene expression in weaned piglets[J]. Biological Trace Element Research, 2017, 175(2): 331-338.
[18] PEI X, LENG D B, WANG G, et al.Effects of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles supplementation on growth performance, zinc status, intestinal morphology, microflora population, and immune response in weaned pigs[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2019, 99(3): 1366-1374.
[19] GRILLI E, TUGNOLI B, VITARI F, et al.Low doses of microencapsulated zinc oxide improve performance and modulate the ileum architecture, inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions expression of weaned pigs[J]. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience, 2015, 9(11): 1760-1768.
[20] BARZEGAR M, ZAGHARI M, ZHANDI M, et al.Effects of zinc dosage and particle size on gut morphology, tight junctions and TNF-α expression in broiler breeder hens[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2022, 106(4): 772-782.
[21] SHEN J H, CHEN Y, WANG Z S, et al.Coated zinc oxide improves intestinal immunity function and regulates microbiota composition in weaned piglets[J]. British Journal of Nutrition, 2014, 111(12): 2123-2134.
[22] CARLSON M S, HILL G M, LINK J E.Early- and traditionally weaned nursery pigs benefit from phase-feeding pharmacological concentrations of zinc oxide: effect on metallothionein and mineral concentrations[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1999, 77(5): 1199-1207.
[23] HASSAN F A M, KISHAWY A T Y, MOUSTAFA A, et al. Growth performance, tissue precipitation, metallothionein and cytokine transcript expression and economics in response to different dietary zinc sources in growing rabbit[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2021, 105(5): 965-974.
[24] ZHANG B K,GUO Y M.Supplemental zinc reduced intestinal permeability by enhancing occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) expression in weaning piglets[J]. British Journal of Nutrition, 2009, 102(5): 687-693.
[25] 刘汉锁, 朴香淑, 马红, 等. 不同形式氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022, 34(2): 818-829.
[26] 袁超, 李俊明, 王超, 等. 包膜氧化锌对断奶仔猪血清生化指标、脂代谢及消化酶活性的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2015, 51(15): 33-36.
[27] WANG C, LIU Q, XU Y Z, et al.Effects of zinc sulfate and coated zinc sulfate on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in Holstein dairy cows[J]. Livestock Science, 2021, 251(9): 104673.
[28] ERYAVUZ A, DEHORITY B A. Effects of supplemental zinc concentration on cellulose digestion and cellulolytic and total bacterial numbers in vitro[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2009, 151(3/4): 175-183.