不同轮作模式下减施农药化肥对小麦生产的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.202212209

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的: 为了探究农药、化肥减施对旱旱轮作（前作为玉米）和水旱轮作（前作为水稻）田小麦的生产影响,从而探寻能够实现“减量增效”的栽培方式。方法: 以西科麦18号为试验材料,通过设计梯度减量施用进行大田试验,明确农药、肥料减施对不同轮作模式下田间病害和草害的防治、产量和产量性状以及经济效益的影响。结果: 农药的减施能够对病草害起到良好的防治效果,在旱旱轮作田块防效保持在77.70%~89.41%,常规除草剂用量防效为85.73%;水旱轮作田块防效保持在88.86%~90.83%,常规除草剂用量防效为90.83%。小麦产量在旱旱轮作模式中能够得到保持,在减量25%的情况下实现了增产8%;而水旱轮作产量降低明显,降幅在20%左右。化肥的减施造成了减产影响,仅减施10%处理在旱旱轮作田保持着和常规相同的产量,其他处理产量均下降20%左右。结论: 农药的减施在旱旱轮作模式下减施25%和水旱轮作模式下减施30%综合生产效果最佳。化肥的减施在旱旱轮作模式中减施10%和水旱轮作模式中减施24%能起到一定的“减量增效”的生产效果。试验证明该方法在长江流域冬小麦的种植生产中能起到良好的应用效果。

关键词: 小麦, 减量施用, 田间防效, 产量, 产量性状

Abstract: 【Objective】 The current study aims to explore the cultivation mode that can achieve ′reduction and efficiency′ by evaluating the effects of reduced application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers on wheat production in dry-dry rotation （formerly used as corn） and paddy-dry rotation （formerly used as rice）. 【Method】 Taking Xikemai 18 as experimental material, this study conducted the field experiment by designing gradient reduction application to clarify the effects of pesticide and fertilizer reduction on the control of diseases and weeds, yield and yield characters, economic benefits in different rotation modes. 【Result】 The reduction of pesticide application can play a good role in controlling the disease and weeds. The control effect was in the range of 77.70%-89.41% in the dry-dry rotation field, which was comparable with 85.73% of conventional herbicide. The control effect of paddy and dry rotation fields was in the range of 88.86%-90.83%, which was comparable with 90.83% of conventional herbicide. The wheat yield can be maintained in the dry-dry rotation mode, while increased by 8% under the condition of 25% reduction. However, the yield in the water-drought rotation decreased significantly, with a decrease of about 20%. The reduction of chemical fertilizer has caused the effect of yield reduction. The yield of only 10% treatment in the dry-dry rotation field is the same as that in the conventional treatment, while that of other treatments is reduced by about 20%. According to the yield characters, the main reason was that the number of grains per ear was decreased significantly after weight loss, and the difference of other components was not significant. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive production effect of reducing pesticide application by 25% in the dry-dry rotation mode and 30% in the paddy-dry rotation mode is the best. The reduction of chemical fertilizer by 10% in the dry-dry rotation mode and 24% in the paddy-dry rotation mode can play a certain production effect of “reduction and efficiency increase”. Our results proved that this method could play a good role in winter wheat planting and production in the Yangtze River Basin.

Key words: wheat, reduced application, control effect, yield, yield traits

中图分类号:

S512.1

黄杰, 康晓慧, 蒋欣东, 张兴宗, 邱阿各, 汤万强, 刘太国, 陈万权, 夏崇靖. 不同轮作模式下减施农药化肥对小麦生产的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2023, 41(4): 609-618.

HUANG Jie, KANG Xiaohui, JIANG Xindong, ZHANG Xingzong, QIU A′ge, TANG Wanqiang, LIU Taiguo, CHEN Wanquan, XIA Chongjing. Effects of Reduced Application of Pesticides and Fertilizers on Wheat Production under Different Rotation Patterns[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2023, 41(4): 609-618.

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