不同铵硝配比供应下的辣椒根系形态、伤流组分和养分积累

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.202211197

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的: 铵态氮（NH₄⁺）和硝态氮（NO₃^-）是高等植物可直接从农业生态系统中吸收的2种无机氮素。当铵硝氮素以适宜比例供应时,许多作物的最佳生长得以实现。因此,针对品种特性优化不同氮形态供给比例是实现减氮增效的重要途径之一。方法: 以贵州地区主推辣椒（Capsicum frutescens L.）品种“辣研101”、“黔椒8号”为试验材料,设置：不施用氮肥（CK）,NH₄⁺/NO₃^-=0%∶100%（T1）,NH₄⁺/NO₃^-=25%∶75%（T2）,NH₄⁺/NO₃^-=50%∶50%（T3）,NH₄⁺/NO₃^-=75%∶25%（T4）,NH₄⁺/NO₃^-=100%∶0%（T5）6个处理。结果: 研究水培条件下不同铵硝态氮配比对辣椒生物量、根系形态、伤流组分和养分积累的影响。结果表明：2品种辣椒地上部、根部、整株生物量随铵硝比的增加（T1~T5）呈先增加后降低趋势。“辣研101”、“黔椒8号”地上部生物量分别在T4、T3处理时达到最大。随着铵硝比的增加（T1~T5）,2个辣椒品种根系总长度、平均直径、体积呈先增加后降低趋势。“辣研101”的根系总长度、平均直径在T4处理时达到最大,“黔椒8号”根系总长度、平均直径在T3处理时达到最大。不同铵硝配比条件下,辣椒根系伤流液中氮素的主要是形式是NO₃^--N。其中,“辣研101”“黔椒8号”根系伤流液中的NO₃^--N含量分别在T4、T3处理时达到最大,由于伤流强度不同,两者NO₃^--N的转运强度均在T3处理时达到最大。“辣研101”、“黔椒8号”植株氮、钾含量分别在T4、T3处理时达到最大。结论: 统筹考虑辣椒生长、根系形态、养分积累等因素,“辣研101”、“黔椒8号”的最适铵硝配比分别是75∶25、50∶50。

关键词: 辣椒, 铵硝比, 伤流组分, 养分积累

Abstract: 【Objective】 Ammonium nitrogen （NH₄⁺） and nitrate nitrogen （NO₃^-） are two inorganic nitrogen that higher plants could directly absorb from agricultural ecosystems. When NH₄⁺/NO₃^-ratio were supplied appropriately,the optimal growth of many species could be achieved. Therefore,optimizing the supply proportion of different N forms according to variety characteristics was one of the important ways to achieve nitrogen reduction and efficiency increase. 【Method】 In this study, Capsicum frutescens L. "Layan 101" and "Qianjiao 8" were used as experimental materials. Six treatments were set：no nitrogen fertilizer （CK）,NH₄⁺/NO₃^-=0%∶100%（T1）,NH₄⁺/NO₃^-=25%∶75%（T2）,NH₄⁺/NO₃^-=50%∶50%（T3）,NH₄⁺/NO₃^-=75%∶25%（T4）,NH₄⁺/NO₃^-=100%∶0%（T5）. 【Result】 The aboveground,root and whole plant biomass of the two varieties of pepper increased first and then decreased with the increase of NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratio （T1-T5）. The aboveground biomass of "Layan 101" and "Qianjiao 8" reached the max at T4 and T3 treatment respectively. With the increase of NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratio （T1-T5）,the total length,average diameter and volume of roots of the two pepper varieties increased first and then decreased. The total length and average diameter of the "Layan 101" reached the max at T4 treatment,and that of "Qianjiao 8" reached the max in T3 treatment. The main form of nitrogen in pepper root sap was NO₃^--N. The content of NO₃^--N in root bleeding sap of "Qianjiao No. 8" and "Layan 101" reached the max at T4 and T3 treatments respectively. Because the bleeding intensity was different,the transport intensity of NO₃^--N in both of them reached the maximum at T3 treatment. The content of N and K in "Layan 101" and "Qianjiao 8" reached the max at T4 and T3 treatments respectively. 【Conclusion】 Taking into account the growth, root morphology,and nutrient accumulation,the optimal NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratio of "Layan 101" and "Qianjiao 8" was 75%-25% and 50%-50%, respectively.

Key words: pepper, ammonium nitrate ratio, bleeding components, nutrient accumulation

中图分类号:

S641.3

王岩, 王永平, 曾庆稳, 吴康云, 肖玖军. 不同铵硝配比供应下的辣椒根系形态、伤流组分和养分积累[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2023, 41(4): 602-608.

WANG Yan, WANG Yongping, ZENG Qingweng, WU Kangyun, XIAO Jiujun. Root Morphology, Bleeding Components and Nutrient Accumulation of Pepper under Different NH₄⁺/NO₃^- Ratio[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2023, 41(4): 602-608.

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