关键词: 小麦, 国家区试, 产量性状, 演变规律

Abstract: 【Objective】 The evolution law of yield and yield-related traits of new wheat lines （varieties） in upper reaches of Yangtze River basin in recent years was analyzed,which can provide some theoretical basis for breeding and production of wheat cultivars in this region. 【Method】 Based on the yield,yield components and yield-related agronomic traits of national trial in the upper reaches of Yangtze River basin from 2009 to 2020,the evolution law and correlation were analyzed. 【Result】 The coefficient of variation of the tested lines in the upper reaches of Yangtze River basin in 12 years was as follows：whole growth duration < thousand kernel weight < plant height < number of effective ear < yield < number of grains per spike. The annual average yield of the tested lines increased slowly as the years progressed,ranging from 4 944.6 kg/hm² to 6 087.8 kg/hm²,with a total average of 5 464.3 kg/hm². Among the yield components,the number of grains per spike increased most obviously with the advance of the year,followed by the number of effective ear,while the thousand kernel weight decreased slowly. For the main yield-related agronomic traits,the whole growth duration of tested lines was more dramatically affected by the environment,while the increase of yield was significantly limited by plant height. Correlation analysis showed that the yield was extremely negatively correlated with plant height. 【Conclusion】 There was no significant difference in the yield level between the tested lines and the check in 12 years. The number of grains per spike was the key factor to improve the yield in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin. Choosing varieties with moderate plant height and lodging resistance is more propitious to stable production.

Key words: wheat, national trial, yield trait, evolution law