西南麦区小麦苗期氮高效品种筛选及指标体系构建

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.202106013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评价西南麦区不同基因型小麦苗期氮素吸收利用差异性,探究氮高效小麦品种苗期评价指标体系,并筛选出氮高效型小麦品种。【方法】以西南麦区34个小麦品种为材料,采用水培法,分析小麦品种在高氮（15 mmol/L）和低氮（2.5 mmol/L）水平下小麦苗期氮效率相关性状差异,通过隶属函数法和系统聚类分析相结合开展综合评价。【结果】两种氮处理下小麦品种间苗期形态生理指标均存在极显著差异。在10个评价指标中,根冠比、叶面积、全氮积累量、叶绿素含量、根系面积、根部干重和茎叶干重在两种氮素处理水平下变异系数均高于20.5%,可将其作为小麦苗期氮高效筛选指标。采用隶属函数法和系统聚类分析相结合的综合评价方法,筛选出“云麦53”“西科麦8号”等4个品种是低氮高效型品种,“绵麦1419”“西科麦8号”等6个是高氮高效型品种。低氮处理下氮高效小麦品种具有较高的全氮积累量、茎叶干重、根系扫描面积、根部干重和叶面积,高氮处理下氮高效小麦品种具有较高的根部干重、茎叶干重、全氮积累量、叶绿素含量、叶面积和根系扫描面积,在低氮胁迫或高氮处理下,氮高效小麦品种比氮低效小麦品种能够形成更强大的根系系统和健壮的地上部。【结论】采用上述综合评价方法用于氮高效型小麦品种指标体系筛选科学有效,在水培条件下,根部干重、茎叶干重、叶面积、全氮积累量和根系面积可作为氮高效型小麦品种苗期评价指标。筛选出4个低氮高效型小麦品种和6个高氮高效型小麦品种。

关键词: 小麦品种, 苗期, 氮效率综合值, 聚类分析

Abstract: 【Objective】 The differences of nitrogen absorption and utilization of different wheat genotypes in southwest wheat region at seedling stage were evaluated,the evaluation index system of nitrogen efficient wheat cultivars at seedling stage was explored,and nitrogen efficient wheat cultivars were selected. 【Method】 34 wheat cultivars in Southwest China were used as materials To analyze the differences in nitrogen efficiency related traits of wheat cultivars at seedling stage under high nitrogen （15 mmol/L） and low nitrogen （2.5 mmol/L） levels. The comprehensive evaluation was carried out by membership function method and systematic cluster analysis. 【Result】 There were significant differences in the physiological morphological traits of wheat cultivars at seedling stage under the two N treatments. Among the 10 evaluation indexes,the variation coefficients of RSR,LA,TNA,SPAD,SRA,RDW and SDW were all higher than 20.5% under the two nitrogen treatment levels. It can be used as an efficient nitrogen screening index at wheat seedling stage. At the same time,a comprehensive evaluation method combining membership function method and systematic cluster analysis was established,and four cultivars,such as ‘Yunmai 53’ and ‘Xikemai 8’,which were selected as low nitrogen and high efficiency cultivars. Six cultivars,such as ‘Mianmai 1419’ and ‘Xikemai 8’,which were selected as high nitrogen and high efficiency cultivars. Under low nitrogen treatment,nitrogen efficient wheat cultivars had higher TNA,SDW,SRA,RDW and LA. Under high nitrogen treatment,nitrogen efficient wheat cultivars had RDW,SDW,TNA and SPAD,LA and SRA. Under low nitrogen stress or high nitrogen treatment,nitrogen efficient wheat cultivars could form stronger root system and stronger aboveground parts than nitrogen inefficient wheat cultivars. 【Conclusion】 The above comprehensive evaluation methods are used to screen the index system of nitrogen efficient wheat cultivars scientifically and effectively. Under the condition of water culture,SDW,RDW,LA,SRA and TNA can be used as evaluation indexes of nitrogen efficient wheat cultivars at seedling stage. 4 low nitrogen high efficiency cultivars and 6 high nitrogen high efficiency cultivars were selected.

Key words: wheat cultivars, seedling stage, comprehensive value of nitrogen efficiency, cluster analysis

中图分类号:

S512.1

张恒, 陈艳琦, 任杰莹, 杨洪坤, 樊高琼. 西南麦区小麦苗期氮高效品种筛选及指标体系构建[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2022, 40(1): 10-18.

ZHANG Heng, CHEN Yanqi, REN Jieying, YANG Hongkun, FAN Gaoqiong. Screening of Wheat Cultivars with High Nitrogen Efficiency at Seedling Stage and Construction of Index System in Southwest Wheat Region[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2022, 40(1): 10-18.

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