垦殖对川西北高寒草地土壤酶活性的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2021.06.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明垦殖对川西北高寒草地土壤酶活性、土壤有机碳和土壤微生物量碳的影响,进而揭示垦殖后耕地土壤的质量状况。【方法】测定了垦殖时间梯度为0~40 a的高寒土壤的4种土壤酶活性、土壤有机碳含量和土壤微生物量碳含量。【结果】土壤有机碳（SOC）含量、土壤微生物量碳（MBC）含量、土壤蔗糖酶（S-SC）活性和土壤淀粉酶（EC）活性随垦殖时间序列显著降低（P<0.05）。相反,土壤过氧化物酶（POD）活性和土壤多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性显著增加（P<0.05）。3个取样深度中0~20 cm土层SOC含量、MBC含量和土壤酶活性的变化最大。垦殖40 a后,表层土壤的SOC含量、MBC含量、S-SC活性和EC活性分别降低了74.11%、80.33%、57.01%、52.37%,而POD活性和PPO活性分别增加了275.62%和58.51%。随着垦殖年限增加,SOC含量、MBC含量、S-SC活性、EC活性、POD活性和PPO活性的升高或降低速率逐渐减缓。S-SC和EC活性与SOC和MBC含量呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）,表明长期垦殖导致土壤易分解有机碳相对减少,微生物数量和活性下降。【结论】由于高寒地区自然环境条件脆弱,垦殖加剧了有机碳库减少,可能成为CO₂的排放源。因此,减少垦殖对于稳定土壤有机碳和草地资源的可持续利用有着重要意义。

关键词: 垦殖, 高寒草地, 川西北, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: 【Objective】 We analyzed the effects of reclamation on soil enzyme activities, soil organic carbon and soil microbial biomass carbon as the soil quality indicators in an alpine-cold grassland from northwest Sichuan. 【Method】 We measured four soil enzymatic activities, soil organic carbon content and microbial biomass carbon content in soils sampled in an Alpine-cold grassland with a gradient of cultivation history from zero to 40 years. 【Result】 Soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content, soil sucrase (S-SC) activity and soil amylase (EC) activity significantly decreased along the reclamation chronosequence (P<0.05). In contrast, soil peroxidase (POD) activity and soil polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity significantly increased (P<0.05). The changes in SOC content, MBC content and soil enzyme activities in the 0-20 cm soil layer was the greatest among the three sampling depths. In the surface layer, the SOC content, MBC content, S-SC activity and EC activity decreased by 74.11%, 80.33%, 57.01%, and 52.37%, respectively, after 40 years of cultivation, while POD activity and PPO activity increased by 275.62% and 58.51%, respectively. The elevation or the reduction rates of SOC content, MBC content, S-SC activity, EC activity, POD activity and PPO activity gradually decreased with an increase of cultivation history. Considering that S-SC and EC activities were significantly positively correlated with the contents of SOC and MBC (P<0.01), we presumed that long term reclamation led to a decrease in the easily-used carbon source, a reduction in microbial biomass and a shift in soil organic carbon decomposition. 【Conclusion】 Reducing reclamation is of great significance for stabilizing soil organic carbon and sustainable utilization of grassland resources.

Key words: reclamation, alpine-cold grassland, northwestern Sichuan, soil enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S151.9

吴同辉, 胡玉福, 杨泽鹏, 舒向阳, 李杰, 杨雨山, 李智, 余颖, 何佳. 垦殖对川西北高寒草地土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2021, 39(6): 814-819.

WU Tonghui, HU Yufu, YANG Zepeng, SHU Xiangyang, LI Jie, YANG Yushan, LI Zhi, YU Ying, HE Jia. Effects of Reclamation on Soil Enzyme Activity in the Alpine-Cold Grassland of Northwest Sichuan[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2021, 39(6): 814-819.

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