四川玉米不同栽培模式田间节肢动物群落

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2021.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确四川玉米不同栽培模式田间节肢动物群落特征。【方法】通过调查四川玉米-大豆间作、玉米-花生间作、玉米-红薯间作及玉米净作4种栽培模式田间节肢动物种类及数量,分析了4种模式田间节肢动物群落组成、结构和群落特征指数,比较了主要害虫及天敌种群密度。【结果】调查共获得5纲18目94科177种节肢动物,其中玉米-花生栽培模式田间物种数最高,为117种;其次是玉米-大豆栽培模式、玉米-红薯栽培模式和净作玉米,分别为103、101和78种。对4种栽培模式节肢动物群落特征指数进行分析,其中,玉米-花生栽培模式的物种丰富度最高,为10.925 1;玉米-红薯栽培模式的Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度最高,分别为0.166 3、0.619 5和0.135 4。4种栽培模式节肢动物群落的优势种为玉米蚜、小绿叶蝉、异色瓢虫和黑毛蚁。对玉米主要害虫玉米蚜、玉米螟和粘虫主要发生期的种群密度及其天敌的发生动态进行分析,发现相较于净作玉米,3种间作模式中仅玉米-红薯栽培模式对玉米蚜的发生有抑制作用,3种间作模式均对玉米螟、粘虫的发生有抑制作用;3种间作模式天敌虫口密度都明显高于玉米净作。【结论】间作可提高田间群落多样性指数,并提高群落中天敌物种数及种群密度、降低玉米主要害虫玉米螟、粘虫的主要发生期的种群密度。其中玉米-红薯栽培模式是最能增加玉米田节肢动物多样性和降低主要害虫种群密度的间作模式。

关键词: 玉米, 间作, 节肢动物群落, 群落特征

Abstract: 【Objective】 Clarify the characteristics of arthropod community in different cultivation patterns of maize in Sichuan Province. 【Method】 The species and quantity of arthropods in four cultivation patterns, including maize-soybean intercropping, maize-peanut intercropping, maize-sweet potato intercropping and net maize cultivation, were investigated. The composition, structure and community characteristic index of arthropod community in four cultivation patterns were analyzed, and the population densities of main pests and natural enemies of maize were compared. 【Result】 The maize field were found that the arthropod belonging to 5 classes, 18 orders, 94 families, 177 species. Among them, the number of species in the maize-peanut intercropping was the highest, with 117 species;followed by maize-soybean intercropping, maize-sweet potato intercropping and net maize cultivation, with 103, 101 and 78 species, respectively. Analyzed the arthropod community characteristic indexes of four cultivation patterns, the species richness of maize-peanut intercropping was the highest, which was 10.925 1;the Simpson diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness of maize-sweet potato were the highest, which were 0.166 3, 0.619 5 and 0.135 4, respectively. The dominant species of arthropod community in the four cultivation patterns were Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Empoasca flavescens (Fabricius), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Lasius niger (Linnaeus). Analyzed the population density of the main corn pests Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern), Mythimna separata (Walker) during the main occurrence period and the occurrence dynamics of its natural enemies, it was found that compared with net maize cultivation, only maize-sweet potato intercropping among the three intercropping patterns had an inhibitory effect on the population density of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), and all three intercropping patterns had an inhibitory effect on the population density of Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern), Mythimna separata (Walker). The density of natural enemies in three intercropping patterns was significantly higher than that of net maize cultivation. 【Conclusion】 Intercropping could increase the diversity index of the community, increase the species number and population density of natural enemies, and reduce the population density of Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern) and Mythimna separata (Walker). Maize-sweet potato intercropping is the best cultivation to increase the diversity of arthropod community and reduce the population density of main pests in maize field.

Key words: maize, intercropping, arthropods community, community characteristics

中图分类号:

S435.132

张雪艳, 张悦, 陈昊楠, 宋灿灿, 邓晓悦, 吴飞, 董毅, 李庆, 蒋春先. 四川玉米不同栽培模式田间节肢动物群落[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2021, 39(6): 755-765.

ZHANG Xueyan, ZHANG Yue, CHEN Haonan, SONG Cancan, DENG Xiaoyue, WU Fei, DONG Yi, LI Qing, JIANG Chunxian. Arthropods Community of Maize under Different Cultivation Patterns in Sichuan Province[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2021, 39(6): 755-765.

参考文献 35

[1]	吴兰花, 郑丽霞. 玉米害虫的研究进展[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2018,46(3): 53-58.
[2]	戈峰. 论害虫生态调控策略与技术[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020,57(1): 10-19.
[3]	BOUTIN C, MARTIN P A, BARIL A.Arthropod diversity as affected by agricultural management (organic and conventional farming), plant species, and landscape context[J]. Ecoscience, 2009, 16(4):492-501.
[4]	HADDAD N M, TILMAN D, HAARSTAD J, et al.Contrasting effects of plant richness and composition on insect communities: a field experiment (view record in medline)[J]. American Naturalist, 2001, 158(1): 17-35.
[5]	LAWTON J H.Plant architecture and diversity of phytophagous insects[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1983, 28: 23-39.
[6]	尤士骏, 张杰, 李金玉, 等. 利用生物多样性控制作物害虫的理论与实践[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2019, 56(6): 1125-1147.
[7]	李正跃, ALTIERI M A, 朱有勇. 生物多样性与害虫综合治理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009: 3-7.
[8]	HUGHES J B, DAILY G C, EHRLICH P R.Conservation of insect diversity: a habitat approach[J]. Conservation Biology, 2010, 14(6): 1788-1797.
[9]	李琼, 李强, 张晓明. 大豆/玉米间作密度对大豆田节肢动物群落多样性和稳定性的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2019, 50(6): 1247-1255.
[10]	邱明生, 张孝羲, 王进军, 等. 玉米田节肢动物群落特征的时序动态[J]. 西南农业学报, 2001, 14(1): 70-73.
[11]	田耀加, 梁广文, 曾玲, 等. 间作对甜玉米田主要害虫与天敌动态的影响[J]. 植物保护学报, 2012, 39(1): 1-6.
[12]	吕仲贤, 杨樟法, 王桂跃, 等. 玉米与豆科作物间作减轻玉米螟为害试验[J]. 植物保护, 1991, 17(5): 31-31.
[13]	BELAY D, SCHULTHESS F, OMWEGA C.The profitability of maize-haricot bean intercropping techniques to control maize stem borers under low pest densities in Ethiopia[J]. Phytoparasitica, 2009, 37(1): 43-50.
[14]	GIRIJA T, HEGDE M, GADAD H.Influence of intercrops on population dynamics of natural enemies of groundnut pests[J]. Journal of Eco-Friendly Agriculture, 2016, 11(1): 36-40.
[15]	蒋佩兰, 刘隆旺, 章志英, 等. 不同种植方式玉米田玉米害虫及其天敌与产量关系的研究[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 1995, 17(1): 25-27.
[16]	四川年鉴编委会. 四川年鉴[M]. 成都: 四川年鉴社, 2011:50-54.
[17]	管磊, 王华军, 王玉宽, 等. 基于GIS的四川植物物种丰富度与地形关系分析[J]. 人民长江, 2016, 47(18): 11-17.
[18]	四川省人民政府. 气候资源[EB/OL]. (2021-01-04)[2021-03-17]. http: //www.sc.gov.cn/10462/10778/10876/2021/1/4/74f873ad3a544ed799d11a73be3f7e05.shtml.
[19]	唐启义. DPS数据处理系统[M]. 5版. 北京: 科学出版社,2020: 1328-1332.
[20]	刘颖华. 森林草原交错带节肢动物群落组成与多样性的研究[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2006.
[21]	吴龙飞, 姜文虎, 袁胜亮, 等. 塞罕坝自然保护区樟子松不同林分类型对昆虫群落多样性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017,28(1): 308-314.
[22]	王海建. 玉米/大豆套作系统大豆蚜生态控制机理研究[D]. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2015.
[23]	贾永超, 禹田, 张晓明, 等. 不同间作模式玉米田天敌节肢动物群落特征[J]. 南方农业学报, 2019, 50(7): 1496-1504.
[24]	张金龙, 陈强, 钏叠, 等. 不同邻作玉米田节肢动物群落特征及稳定性[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(3): 718-728.
[25]	黄吉. 玉米田节肢动物群落动态与周围不同环境关系的研究[D]. 昆明: 云南农业大学, 2016.
[26]	尹鹏, 丁新华, 付开赟, 等. 新疆春播玉米节肢动物群落结构及时序动态[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2018, 34(4): 499-508.
[27]	柴正群, 可胜杰, 黄吉, 等. 不同种植环境夏玉米田节肢动物群落特征及稳定性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(12): 3306-3314.
[28]	侯美珍, 张永强, 王卫光. 玉米地捕食性节肢动物群落结构及动态分析[J]. 中国生物防治, 2005, 21(4): 214-219.
[29]	荆凡胜, 陈斌, 常怀艳, 等. 玉米//甘蔗对玉米蚜、甘蔗绵蚜及其天敌昆虫的影响[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 32(3): 432-441.
[30]	李新民, 刘春来, 刘兴龙, 等. 作物多样性对大豆蚜的控蚜效应[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2014, 51(2): 406-411.
[31]	顾伟, 马玲, 丁新华, 等. 扎龙湿地不同生境的昆虫多样性[J].应用生态学报, 2011, 22(9): 2405-2412.
[32]	刘哲强, 马玲, 焦玥, 等. 小兴安岭森林恢复期典型人工林与原始林昆虫群落结构动态[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(2):555-562.
[33]	柴正群, 可胜杰, 黄吉, 等. 不同种植环境夏玉米田节肢动物群落特征及稳定性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(12): 3306-3314.
[34]	ANDOW D A.Vegetational diversity and arthropod population response[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1991, 36: 561-586.
[35]	刘雨芳, 张古忍, 古德祥. 农田生态系统中生境与植被多样性对节肢动物群落的影响及其作用机制探讨[J]. 湘潭师范学院学报(社会科学版), 2000, 21(6): 74-78.