菌渣替代部分化肥养分施用对土壤养分含量及稻麦产量的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2021.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为探究不同菌渣替代部分化肥养分施用对稻麦产量及土壤养分含量的影响,优选出成都平原稻麦轮作模式下菌渣的化肥养分元素替代率与菌渣化肥配施方式。【方法】该研究以田间试验为基础,通过设置空白处理（CK）、常规化肥施用处理（CF）、茶树菇菌渣替代常规施氮肥量的25%（TMR1）和50%（TMR 2）,平菇菌渣替代常规施氮肥量的25%（POR1）和50%（POR2）6个试验处理,系统研究了稻麦轮作模式下,不同菌渣的化肥氮、磷、钾养分替代率对土壤全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）、全钾（TK）含量和稻麦产量的影响。【结果】与CF处理相比,TMR1、TMR2、POR1、POR2处理在水稻生育期内的土壤TN、TP、TK含量和水稻产量分别显著提高22%、24%、23%、23%,9%、41%、26%、20%,11%、55%、53%、19%和7%、9%、6%、12%;在小麦生育期内的土壤TN、TP含量和小麦产量分别提高30%、10%、4%、12%,21%、12%、2%、19%和9%、16%、5%、12%,TMR1和TMR2处理土壤TK含量均提高6%,而POR1和POR2处理则分别降低了24%和22%。土壤养分含量及稻麦产量均与菌渣养分替代率呈现出显著正相关关系。【结论】不同菌渣替代部分化肥养分施用均能提高成都平原的土壤养分含量和稻麦产量,菌渣替代常规施氮量的50%对稻麦增产效果最佳。

关键词: 菌渣, 化肥, 养分, 替代, 稻麦轮作, 土壤养分, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to explore the effects of fertilization were optimized and replaced by different mushroom residues return to the field on rice and wheat yields and soil nutrient concentrations,an efficient combination of mushroom residues and chemical fertilizers was explored under the rice-wheat rotation in Chengdu Plain. 【Method】 The research is based on field trials, 6 experimental treatments：control check (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), tea tree mushroom residue replaced 25% (TMR1) and 50% (TMR2) of conventional nitrogen fertilizer, and pleurotus ostreatus residue replaced 25% (POR1) and 50% (POR2) of conventional nitrogen fertilizer, were adopted for study the effects of mush room residues return to the field and optimized fertilization on soil total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK) concentrations and yields under the rice-wheat rotation. 【Conclusion】 Compared with CF treatments, In TMR1, TMR2, POR1, POR2 treatments, the soil TN, TP, TK concentrations and yields during the rice growth period were significantly increased by 22%, 24%, 23%, 23%; 9%, 41%, 26 %, 20%; 11%, 55%, 53%, 19% and 7%, 9%, 6%, 12%, respectively; and soil TN, TP concentrations and yields during the wheat growth period were increased by 30%, 10%, 4 %, 12%; 21%, 12%, 2%, 19% and 9%, 16%, 5%, 12%, respectively; the TK concentrations were increased by 6% in TMR1 and TMR2 and reduced by 24%, 22% in POR1 and POR2, respectively. Moreover, soil nutrient concentrations and rice and wheat yields showed a significant positive correlation with the nutrient replacement rates of mushroom residues. 【Conclusion】 The soil nutrient concentrations and yields of rice and wheat can be increased by fertilization were optimized and replaced with different mushroom residues return to the field in the Chengdu Plain, and it has a better effect that 50% of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer application were replaced by the mushroom residues to increase the yields of rice and wheat.

Key words: mushroom residue, fertilization, nutrient, replacement, rice-wheat rotation, soil nutrients, production

中图分类号:

S158

刘唯佳, 毛昆明, 唐祺超, 杨元智, 邓良基. 菌渣替代部分化肥养分施用对土壤养分含量及稻麦产量的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2021, 39(3): 323-330.

LIU Weijia, MAO Kunming, TANG Qichao, YANG Yuanzhi, DENG Liangji. Effects of Optimized Alternative Fertilization with Different Mushroom Residue on Rice and Wheat Yields and Soil Nutrient Concentrations[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2021, 39(3): 323-330.

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