土壤微塑料残留对大豆幼苗生长及生理生化特征的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2021.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明农田土壤中微塑料残留对农作物生长发育的影响机制对农业可持续至关重要。【方法】利用盆栽试验,通过向土壤中添加粒径为<15 μm的聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)颗粒,设置了4个微塑料添加浓度梯度处理,包括对照CK、T₁(0.54 g/kg)、T₂(1.62 g/kg)和T₃(2.70 g/kg),模拟研究了土壤中残留微塑料(mPVC)对大豆幼苗生长及叶片光合色素、根系活力、抗氧化性的影响。【结果】大豆出苗后第7 和14 天,中高浓度(T₂ and T₃,1.62~2.70 g/kg)微塑料残留土壤显著降低了大豆幼苗的叶面积、株高和根鲜重;出苗后第21 d,各处理大豆叶面积、株高、根鲜重与对照相比均无显著差异。高浓度(T₃,2.70 g/kg) mPVC显著降低了大豆的根系活力。随生长时间延长,脂质过氧化物(MDA)含量总体呈上升趋,但微塑料胁迫激发了大豆自身的抗氧化体系,提高了SOD、POD和CAT活性,从而降低了MDA含量。【结论】土壤微塑料残留量较低时,随生育时期延长,大豆可通过自身抗氧化系统减小胁迫影响;残留量较高时,则植株叶面积、株高和根系活力等各项生理生化指标均受到较大程度影响。

关键词: 微塑料, 大豆, 根系活力, 光合色素, 抗氧化能力

Abstract: 【Objective】 It is of great importance for agricultural sustainability to explore the influence mechanism of soil microplastics residue on crop growth and development.【Method】 A pot experiment in-cluding four treatments of CK,T₁(0.54 g/kg)、T₂(1.62 g/kg)and T₃(2.70 g/kg)was carried out to study the effects of micro PVC (mPVC) on the phenotype of soybean seedling,photosynthetic pigments,root vitality,and antioxidant capacity.【Result】 The results showed that the soybean leaf area,plant height and root fresh weight on the 7^th and 14^th day after emergence in treatments of T₂ and T₃ were significantly decreased compared to CK,whereas there was no significant difference on the 21^st day after emergence.The root vitality of soybean in the treatment of T₃ was significantly reduced.Although the content of malondialde-hyde (MDA) increased with the growth time,the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD、POD and CAT)showed an increasing trend with the increasing amount of mPVC addition,resulted lower MDA content compared with CK.【Conclusion】 When the residual amount of soil microplastics was low,soybean could reduce the effect of stress through its own antioxidant system with the extension of growth period; when the residual amount was high,the physiological and biochemical indexes such as plant leaf area,plant height and root vitality were greatly affected.

Key words: microplastics, soybean, root vitality, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant ability

中图分类号:

安菁, 刘欢语, 郑艳, 程俊, 宋春. 土壤微塑料残留对大豆幼苗生长及生理生化特征的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2021, 39(1): 41-46.

AN Jing, LIU Huanyu, ZHENG Yan, CHENG Jun, SONG Chun. Effects of Soil Microplastics Residue on Soybean Seedlings Growth and the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2021, 39(1): 41-46.

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