两种间作模式对玉米根系生长、叶片光合特性及生物量的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2020.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为探明不同玉豆间作系统下根系互作对玉米根系形态、地上部光合特性和生物量影响,揭示玉米与豆科间根系的互作效应。【方法】通过盆栽根系分隔试验,设置玉米-大豆（IMS）、玉米-花生（IMP）两种间作模式,塑料膜分隔（SB）、尼龙网分隔（MB）、无分隔（NB）3种根系互作方式,研究不同根系互作与玉豆间作模式下作物的根系生长、叶片光合能力、物质积累特性及竞争能力。【结果】IMP较IMS更有利于玉米根系形态的建成,根重表现为IMS>IMP,玉米相对大豆和花生的竞争力较强（相对于大豆竞争比（CR_IMS） =1.05, 相对于花生竞争比（CR_IMP ）=1.85）。IMS和IMP下,与SB相比,成熟期根重MB的降低15.9%、7.0%,而NB的升高47.8%、27.8%。与SB相比,IMS下MB、NB的总根长和总根体积均下降;NB的叶片叶绿素相对含量增加,单叶面积下降;拔节、吐丝期MB、NB地上部的生物量升高,根冠比降低,成熟期地上部生物量分别降低15.6%、11.0%。与SB相比,IMP下MB、NB的总根长、总根表面积降低,总根体积分别升高13.7%、降低21.9%;MB的叶绿素含量和单叶面积增大、根冠比降低;NB的叶绿素含量和单叶面积减小;地上部生物量表现为MB>NB>SB。【结论】玉豆-大豆根系共生显著影响玉米地下部和地上部的调控及株型塑造,不利于玉米根系伸长,叶片对光能的利用率降低,但由于根系分枝、根冠比和茎物质积累增大,根系对养分和水分的吸收效率加强,生物量增大。

关键词: 玉米-大豆间作, 玉米-花生间作, 根系分隔, 生物量, 光合特性

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to explore the effects of root interaction on root morphology, aboveground photosynthetic characteristics and biomass of maize under different intercropping systems of maize and legumes, and to reveal the root interaction effects between maize and legumes. 【Method】 In order to study the root growth, photosynthetic capacity, matter accumulation and competition ability of crops under different root interaction and maize and legume intercropping modes, two intercropping modes of maize-soybean (IMS) and maize-peanut (IMP) and three root interaction modes (plastic film seperation, SB, nylon mesh seperation, MB and no separation, NB) were set up. 【Result】 Compared with IMS, IMP was more beneficial to the formation of maize root morphology, and the root weight was IMS>IMP. Compared with soybean and peanut, the competitive ratio of corn is 1.05 and that of soybean is 1.85. Under IMS and IMP, compared with SB, the root weight of MB decreased by 15.9% and 7.0%, while NB increased by 47.8% and 27.8%. Compared with SB, the total root length and total root volume of MB and NB decreased under IMS; the relative content of chlorophyll in leaves of NB increased, and the single leaf area decreased; the aboveground biomass of MB and NB increased at jointing and silking stages, and the root shoot ratio decreased, and the aboveground biomass decreased by 15.6% and 11.0% at mature stage. Compared with SB, the total root length and total root surface area of MB and NB decreased, the total root volume increased by 13.7% and decreased by 21.9%; the chlorophyll content and single leaf area of MB increased, and the root shoot ratio decreased; the chlorophyll content and single leaf area of NB decreased; the aboveground biomass of MB was MB>NB>SB. 【Conclusion】 The root symbiosis of maize and soybean significantly affected the regulation and plant shape of maize underground and aboveground, which was not conducive to the elongation of maize root system, and the utilization rate of light energy of leaves was decreased. However, due to the increase of root branches, root shoot ratio and stem material accumulation, the root absorption efficiency of nutrient and water was strengthened, and the biomass was increased.

Key words: maize-soybean intercropping, maize-peanut intercropping, root separation, biomass, photosynthetic characteristic

中图分类号:

S513

黄营, 吴强, 邓姝玥, 何秀琴, 晋云, 汪锦, 罗凯, 谢琛, 王甜, 雍太文. 两种间作模式对玉米根系生长、叶片光合特性及生物量的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2020, 38(05): 513-519.

HUANG Ying, WU Qiang, DENG Shuyue, HE Xiuqin, JIN Yun, Wang Jin, LUO Kai, XIE Chen, WANG Tian, YONG Taiwen. Effects of Root Interaction on Root Growth,Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics and Biomass of Maize under Two Intercropping Systems of Maize and Legumes[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2020, 38(05): 513-519.

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