核桃对炭疽病菌抗性相关的生理生化响应差异研究

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2020.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评价不同核桃品种/无性系的炭疽病抗性强弱,探讨不同抗性材料受到炭疽病菌胁迫后的生理响应差异,为选育抗病品种提供理论依据。【方法】以18个核桃品种/无性系为材料,通过田间人工接种炭疽病菌鉴定其抗性强弱,测定炭疽病菌侵胁迫下不同抗性材料的过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和几丁质酶活性及丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的差异。【结果】不同核桃品种/无性系间炭疽病病情指数差异显著（P<0.05）,鉴定获得具有高抗病特性材料12份,高感材料3份。接种炭疽病菌后,=高抗品种/无性系较高感和感病品种/无性系表现为POD活性增强幅度高,SOD活性较高,MDA含量和增幅较低,细胞膜脂过氧化伤害较轻。接种后PPO活性最高的为高感无性系‘65’（2 991.79 U/g）,但增强幅度较高的为感病品种‘硕星’和高感无性系‘86’。几丁质酶活性仅感病无性系‘100’和‘91’之间差异显著（P<0.05）。高抗品种/无性系接种炭疽病菌后脯氨酸含量均显著增加（P<0.05）,且增幅也处于较高水平。可溶性糖含量和增幅在高感和高抗品种/无性系间差异均不显著,表明可溶性糖与核桃叶片的抗病性关系不明显。【结论】筛选了12个炭疽病高抗病性材料,在炭疽病菌胁迫下核桃叶片在生理生化上表现出多方面的综合防御机制,对核桃抗病品种选育工作具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 核桃, 炭疽病, 抗性评价, 生理响应

Abstract: 【Objective】 Resistance evaluation to walnut anthracnose and difference in physiological response under stress of anthracnose fungi in walnut genotypes, which would provide a theoretical basis for selection breeding work of resistance genotypes. 【Method】 18 genotypes of walnut (Juglans spp.) were used to evaluate the resistance to anthracnose by artificial inoculation in field. The changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), chitinase activity, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and soluble sugar between walnut genotypes with different resistance level were investigated after infected with anthracnose fungi. 【Result】 There were significantly difference of disease index between walnut genotypes (P<0.05), and 12 high resistance (HR) genotypes and 3 high susceptibility (HS) genotypes were screened out. After infected by anthracnose fungi, HR genotypes showed higher increased POD activity, stronger activity of SOD, lower increased of MDA and less membrane lipid peroxidation damage than HS and S genotypes. After infection, ‘65’ (HS) had the highest activity of PPO, with the value of 2 991.79 u/g, but the enhancement of PPO activity in ‘shuoxing’ (S) and ‘86’ (HS) were higher than other genotypes. There were significantly difference of chitinase activity only between ‘100’ and ‘91’ (P<0.05). The content of proline were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the enhancement was also at a higher level after infection. There were no significantly difference of the content and enhancement of soluble sugar between HR and HS genotypes, indicated that there were no relationship between soluble sugar and anthracnose resistance. 【Conclusion】 In this study, 12 HR genotypes were selected, and walnut shows comprehensive defense mechanism in many factors on physiological and biochemical indexes user Colletotrichum gloeosporioides stress. Which could provide a theoretical basis for breeding of walnut with strong disease resistance.

Key words: walnut, walnut anthracnose, resistance evaluation, physiological response

中图分类号:

S722.5

杨汉波, 曹广黎, 韩珊, 何丹, 蒋时姣, 万雪琴. 核桃对炭疽病菌抗性相关的生理生化响应差异研究[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2020, 38(04): 463-470.

YANG Hanbo, CAO Guangli, HAN Shan, HE Dan, JIANG Shijiao, WAN Xueqin. Study on the Difference in Physiological and Biochemical Response of Walnut (Juglans spp.) to Anthracnose Resistance[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2020, 38(04): 463-470.

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