秸秆与麦粒复配栽培种基质对羊肚菌菌丝酶活性的影响及配方优化

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2020.02.009

四川农业大学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (02): 183-190.doi: 10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2020.02.009

秸秆与麦粒复配栽培种基质对羊肚菌菌丝酶活性的影响及配方优化

苗人云^1,2, 刘天海^1,2, 唐杰^1,2, 黄忠乾^1,2, 彭卫红^1,2, 谭昊^1,2,3,*

1.四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,成都 610066;
2.农业农村部西南区域农业微生物资源利用科学观测实验站,成都 610066;
3.江南大学生物工程学院,江苏无锡 214062

收稿日期:2020-02-23 出版日期:2020-04-28 发布日期:2021-02-02
作者简介:苗人云,本科,助理研究员。^*责任作者：谭昊,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为环境微生物的生理生态机制,E-mail：h.tan@foxmail.com。
基金资助:
公益性行业专项（201503137）; 国家自然科学基金（31901119）; 四川省创新提升工程项目（2016ZYPZ-028）

Influences of Cultivating Spawn Substrate Made from Crop-Straw in Combination with Wheat Grains on the Enzymatic Activities of Morel Mycelium and Formula Optimization

MIAO Renyun^1,2, LIU Tianhai^1,2, TANG Jie^1,2, HUANG Zhongqian^1,2, PENG Weihong^1,2, TAN Hao^1,2,3,*

1. Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;
2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Chengdu 610066,China;
3. College of Biological Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214062,Jiangsu,China

Received:2020-02-23 Online:2020-04-28 Published:2021-02-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同秸秆原料制成的菌种培养基质化学成分属性对羊肚菌菌丝分解利用基质的几种关键酶活性的影响及菌丝生长表现的差异。【方法】以油菜、水稻、小麦和玉米4种作物秸秆为制作羊肚菌栽培种的主要原料,并分别与麦粒复配,形成羊肚菌栽培种培养基质。对秸秆和麦粒等原料的营养成分进行了测定,比较了羊肚菌菌丝降解淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的6种关键酶活性水平,及活性氧分子（reactive oxygen species,ROS）含量。【结果】观察到油菜秸秆与麦粒复配的栽培种基质中羊肚菌菌丝长势较好,菌核形成较多。油菜秸秆与麦粒的复配配方既能全面提高上述六种酶的活性水平,又能提高ROS含量,与菌丝长势和菌核形成情况的表现一致。结合栽培试验,验证了使关键酶活性水平全面上调的油菜秸秆加麦粒基质配方较为有利于羊肚菌高产。综合考量制作成本、栽培产量和经济效益,对基质配方进一步优化,得到优选的复配配方主料中油菜秸秆和麦粒重量分别占75%和25%,具有用料简单、重量轻、成本低、产量高等优点。【结论】揭示了不同原料种类与配比制成的栽培种基质可导致羊肚菌菌丝分解利用基质的关键酶活性水平的差异,为羊肚菌栽培种基质配方优化提供理论启示与实践借鉴。

关键词: 秸秆, 羊肚菌, 栽培种, 酶活性, 活性氧分子

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study is to estimate the impacts of the chemical composition attributes of mushroom spawn substrate on the activities of several key enzymes for morel mycelium to decompose and utilize the substrate, in combination with the performances of mycelium growth. 【Method】 The straw of rapeseed, rice, wheat or corn as a major ingredient, in combination with wheat grains, were used for making the cultivating spawn of morel. 【Result】 It was observed that the growth of morel mycelium showed the best performance on the cultivating spawn substrate made from a combination of rapeseed straw and wheat grains, and formed a higher amount of sclerotia. The nutritional composition of the straw and wheat grain ingredients were determined chemically. The activity levels of the key enzymes of morel mycelium degrading starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), were compared. The results revealed that the formula of combined rapeseed straw and wheat grains led to elevated activity levels of these six enzymes, as well as the ROS level, which were in accordance with the performances of mycelium growth and sclerotia formation. Examined by cultivation, the results supported that the formula of combined rapeseed straw and wheat grains which could enhance the overall activity levels of the key enzymes, was beneficial for a high yield of morel. Taking in account the costs of production, harvesting yield and economic profits, the formula was further optimized, obtained an optimum formula consisting of 75% (w/w) rapeseed straw and 25% (w/w) wheat grains as the major ingredients. It possesses advantages of simple ingredients, light weight, low cost and high yield. 【Conclusion】 The study revealed that different ingredients and mixture-proportions could lead to changes in activity levels of key enzymes essential for morel mycelium to degrade and utilize the spawn substrate, and could provide theoretical insights and practical references for optimizing the substrate formula of morel cultivating spawn.

Key words: straw, morel, cultivating spawn, enzymatic activity, reactive oxygen species

中图分类号:

S512.1

苗人云, 刘天海, 唐杰, 黄忠乾, 彭卫红, 谭昊. 秸秆与麦粒复配栽培种基质对羊肚菌菌丝酶活性的影响及配方优化[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2020, 38(02): 183-190.

MIAO Renyun, LIU Tianhai, TANG Jie, HUANG Zhongqian, PENG Weihong, TAN Hao. Influences of Cultivating Spawn Substrate Made from Crop-Straw in Combination with Wheat Grains on the Enzymatic Activities of Morel Mycelium and Formula Optimization[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2020, 38(02): 183-190.

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秸秆与麦粒复配栽培种基质对羊肚菌菌丝酶活性的影响及配方优化

Influences of Cultivating Spawn Substrate Made from Crop-Straw in Combination with Wheat Grains on the Enzymatic Activities of Morel Mycelium and Formula Optimization

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