提高四川平原地区的马铃薯杂交制种效率研究

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2020.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】在四川平原地区实现马铃薯高效杂交制种。【方法】以31份材料为亲本,从激素处理、温湿度、光照和亲本选择等方面研究它们对诱导开花和杂交坐果的影响。【结果】补光促进开花提前,激素则使株高和分枝明显增加,形成更多花序增加花量从而延长花期。以组合48 μg/L 24-eBL+100 mg/L GA₃效果最佳,平均延长33 d。授粉前增湿可明显提高坐果率,平均值是对照的3.25倍。试验随机配制了122个组合,最终82个组合获得种子。亲本直接决定制种效率,其中材料绵R作父本的11个组合均能坐果,结实率为25%~100%,但作母本则不结实。【结论】通过喷施激素和授粉前增湿可实现在四川平原地区的高效杂交制种,将为选育适合该地区的优良马铃薯品种奠定基础。

关键词: 马铃薯, 平原地区, 杂交实生种子, 赤霉素, 湿度

Abstract: 【Objective】 To realize high efficiency hybrid seed production of potatoes in plain area of Sichuan province. 【Method】 Using 31 materials as parents, the effects of hormones, temperature and humidity, light and parental selection on inducing flowering and hybrid fruit setting were studied. 【Result】 Light supplementation promoted early flowering, while hormone treatment significantly prolonged flowering period by increasing the height and branch number of plant to form more inflorescence and increase the amount of flowers. The combination of 48 μg/L 24-eBL+100 mg/L GA₃ had the best effect,and the main flowering time could be prolonged by 33 days. The fruit setting rate was significantly increased by humidification before pollination,with an average value being 3.25 times higher than that of the control. A total of 122 combinations were randomly made up in the experiment and 82 combinations finally obtained seeds. Parents directly determined the seed production efficiency. 11 combinations, material R as male parent, could set fruit, with 25%-100% setting rate, but not set fruit as female parent in multiple combinations. 【Conclusion】 High efficiency hybrid seed production in plain areas of Sichuan can be achieved by spraying hormones and increasing humidity before pollination, which would lay a foundation for breeding area-suitable excellent potato varieties.

Key words: potato, plain area, crossbreed true seed, gibberellin, humidity

中图分类号:

S532

邹雪, 丁凡, 刘丽芳, 余韩开宗, 陈年伟, 余金龙. 提高四川平原地区的马铃薯杂交制种效率研究[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2020, 38(01): 18-24.

ZOU Xue, DING Fan, LIU Lifang, YUHAN Kaizong, CHEN Nianwei, YU Jinlong. Research on Improving Seed Production Efficiency of Potato Cross Breeding in Plain Areas of Sichuan Province[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2020, 38(01): 18-24.

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