缺氧条件下受禾谷镰刀菌污染的玉米蛋白粉品质变化规律和呕吐毒素（DON）的积累规律研究

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2020.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】旨在研究缺氧存储条件下接种禾谷镰刀菌后玉米蛋白粉品质变化规律和呕吐毒素（deoxynivalenol,DON）的积累规律。【方法】将1×10³、1×10⁴和1×10⁵个/g的禾谷镰刀菌分别接种于水分含量为13%、16%、20%和22%的玉米蛋白粉中,自封袋缺氧培养,培养温度（25±2） ℃,湿度75%±5%,培养60 d,测定玉米蛋白粉品质相关指标和DON积累规律。【结果】初始水分和禾谷镰刀菌接种量均对粗蛋白质含量、霉菌总数变化起作用,而对氨基酸含量变化无影响,13%和16%水分含量组粗蛋白质含量无显著变化（P>0.05）,20%和22%水分含量组粗蛋白质含量随着培养时间的延长呈线性增加（P<0.01）,禾谷镰刀菌接种量1×10³~1×10⁵个/g的13%和16%水分含量组霉菌总数无显著变化（P>0.05）,20%和22%水分含量组霉菌总数随着培养时间的延长呈二次曲线变化（P<0.01）。初始水分对粗脂肪、淀粉、粗纤维、酸价、蛋白质溶解度和能量变化起主要作用,而禾谷镰刀菌接种量不是主要影响因素,不同水分含量组粗脂肪、淀粉、粗纤维、蛋白质溶解度、能量随着培养时间的延长呈线性降低（P<0.01）,酸价随着培养时间的延长呈线性增加（P<0.01）。初始水分和禾谷镰刀菌接种量对粗蛋白质、霉菌总数变化互作效应显著（P<0.05）,对其他指标变化互作效应不显著（P>0.05）。DON与15AC-DON二者均有检出,但未出现积累规律。【结论】在缺氧存储条件下,接种禾谷镰刀菌后,初始水分是玉米蛋白粉品质变化的主要影响因素,水分越高,培养时间越长,品质越差。禾谷镰刀菌接种量不是影响玉米蛋白粉品质的主要因素,DON和15AC-DON未见积累规律。

关键词: 玉米蛋白粉, 禾谷镰刀菌, 品质, DON, 15AC-DON

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to investigate the changes of corn gluten meal (CGM) quality and the accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) after inoculated Fusarium graminearum under the hypoxic storage conditions. 【Method】 The inoculation amount of 1×10³,1×10⁴,1×10⁵ conidia/g Fusarium graminearum was accurately inoculated into CGM with moisture content of 13%,16%,20% and 22%. The self-enclosed bag was cultured in hypoxia with the culture temperature of（25±2）℃, the humidity of 75%±5%. The culture was last for 60 days. The quality index of CGM and the accumulation rule of DON were determined. 【Result】 The results showed the initial moisture and the Fusarium graminearum inoculation amount were all contributed to the change of provide N-source CP for Fusarium graminearum and the quality evaluation index total mold changes, but had no effect on amino acid changes. There was no significant change in CP in 13% and 16% moisture content groups (P>0.05), with the prolongation of culture time the CP in 20% and 22% moisture content increased linearly (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the total mold with 13% and 16% moisture content of Fusarium graminearum inoculated with 1×10³-1×10⁵ conidia/g (P>0.05). With the expanding of culture times, the total mold in 20% and 22% moisture content look like a quadratic curve(P<0.01). The initial moisture played a major role in providing C-source EE, starch, CF and quality evaluation indicators for acid value, protein solubility and energy change. However, the Fusarium graminearum inoculation amount was not the major factor, with the expanding of culture time, the different moisture content of the EE, starch, CF, protein solubility and energy decreased linearly (P<0.01), and the acid value increased linearly (P<0.01). The initial moisture and Fusarium graminearum inoculation amount had an interactive effect on the change of CP and total mold, and had no interaction with other index changes. Both DON and 15AC-DON were detected, but no accumulation rule appeared. 【Conclusion】 The initial moisture was the major factor of the quality change of CGM after inoculated Fusarium graminearum under hypoxic storage conditions. The quality of CGM would be reduced with the increased moisture and culture time. The inoculation amount of Fusarium graminearum was not the main factor for the quality of CGM, and no accumulation rule observed in DON and 15AC-DON.

Key words: corn gluten meal, Fusarium graminearum, quality, DON, 15AC-DON

中图分类号:

S816

闫珊珊, 刘光芒, 王建萍, 林燕, 白世平, 张克英, 吴彩梅. 缺氧条件下受禾谷镰刀菌污染的玉米蛋白粉品质变化规律和呕吐毒素（DON）的积累规律研究[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2020, 38(01): 8-17.

YAN Shanshan, LIU Guangmang, WANG Jianping, LIN Yan, BAI Shiping, ZHANG Keying, WU Caimei. Study on the Variation of Corn Gluten Meal Quality Contaminated by Fusarium graminearum and the Accumulation of Deoxynivalenol (DON) under Anoxic Conditions[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2020, 38(01): 8-17.

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