石漠化封山育林区不同坡向群落空间结构与环境因子的关系

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2019.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为了阐明不同坡向植物群落的空间结构,探究环境因子对其的影响。【方法】在区内阳坡与阴坡的代表性地段的植物群落为研究对象,利用角尺度、大小比数以及混交度等空间结构参数分析群落空间结构特征,然后将群落空间结构参数与样地环境因子进行冗余分析。【结果】阳坡与阴坡各层平均胸径、高度与冠幅之间灌木层差异最为显著（P<0.05）;各层物种多样性和丰富度：阴坡>阳坡,且差异显著（P<0.05）;林分聚集程度：阴坡>阳坡;阴坡径级结构呈倒J型,而阳坡径级结构呈偏正态分布;树种混交程度阴坡<阳坡。结合环境因子运用RDA对其结果进行分析,说明林木空间分布状态与太阳辐射呈负相关,大小比数与全氮呈负相关。【结论】阴坡光照受限导致种内聚集,种间竞争激烈,群落稳定性差,而阳坡土壤干燥致使氮元素循环受限,影响植物生长。因此,土壤含水率、氮元素含量和光照是石漠化封山育林区植被生长和发育的限制性因素。

关键词: 石漠化, 坡向, 植物群落, 空间结构参数, 冗余分析

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to reveal the spatial structure of plant communities at different slopes and its controls. 【Method】 The plant communities in the representative areas of sunny and shady slopes were investigated. The spatial structure characteristics of the communities were analyzed by using spatial structure parameters such as uniform angle index, size ratio and mingling degree. Tedundancy analysis was used to examine the relationships between the spatial structures and environmental factors.【Result】 The difference of shrub layer between mean diameter at breast height, height and crown width in sunny slope and shady slope was significant (P<0.05). Species diversity and richness of each layer had a order of shady slope > sunny slope (P<0.05). The aggregation degree of forest stand was higher in shady slope than in sunny slope. The diameter class structure of shady slope showed a inverse J type, while the diameter class structure of sunny slope had a skewed normal distribution. The mixed degree of tree species was lower in shady slope than in sunny slope. RDA results indicated that the spatial distribution of forest tree was negatively correlated with solar radiation,and that the size ratio was negatively correlated with total nitrogen. 【Conclusion】 Limited sunlight on shady slopes led to intraspecific aggregation, intense interspecific competition and poor community stability. However, dry soil on the sunny slope limited nitrogen cycling and plant growth. Therefore,soil moisture content, nitrogen content and light are limiting factors for plant growth and development in the rocky desertification forest conservancy area.

Key words: Rocky Desertification, slope direction, plant communities, spatial structure parameters, redu-ndancy analysis

中图分类号:

S718.5

张仕豪, 熊康宁, 张俞, 赖佳丽, 喻阳华, 闵小莹. 石漠化封山育林区不同坡向群落空间结构与环境因子的关系[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2019, 37(05): 676-684.

ZHANG Shihao, XIONG Kangning, ZHANG Yu, LAI Jiali, YU Yanghua, MIN Xiaoying. Relationship between Community Spatial Structure of Different Slope Directions and Environmental Factors in Rocky Desertification Forest Conservancy Area[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019, 37(05): 676-684.

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