水氮互作对直播稻产量及稻米品质的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2019.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨水氮耦合对稳定直播稻产量、改善米质的调控途径,为发展节水丰产优质型直播水稻生产提供理论基础和实践依据。【方法】以杂交稻F优498为材料,通过“淹水灌溉（W₁）”“干湿交替灌溉（W₂）”“旱种（W₃）”3种灌水方式及不同的氮肥运筹比例处理,研究水氮互作对直播稻产量和稻米品质的影响。【结果】结果表明,灌溉方式和氮肥运筹对直播稻产量、稻米加工品质、外观品质、RVA谱、食味米质均存在显著或极显著的互作效应,灌水方式对稻谷产量、结实率、千粒重的影响明显高于氮肥运筹处理;而氮肥运筹对整精米率、垩白度、垩白粒率、RVA谱、蒸煮食味值的调控作用显著。3种灌水方式在施氮量为150 kg/hm²条件下,直播稻氮肥后移比例均以占总施氮量的20%~40%为宜,且与干湿交替灌溉方式耦合可进一步提高稻谷产量、改善稻米品质;而氮肥后移比例过大（达总量的60%）或者W3处理均会导致产量及蒸煮食味米质显著下降。【结论】综合直播稻产量及稻米品质表现,W₁下氮肥后移量占总施氮量的20%~40%为宜;W₂节水灌溉模式下氮肥运筹基肥 ∶ 蘖肥 ∶ 穗肥为5 ∶ 3 ∶ 2与之配套,为本试验最佳的水氮耦合运筹模式;W₃下应减少氮肥后移比例,可占总施氮量的20%为宜,对稻谷产量及改善食味米质均有一定的补偿效应,可为生产中水资源不足的情况提供参考。

关键词: 直播稻, 灌溉方式, 氮肥运筹, 产量, 品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the effect of water and nitrogen (N) coupling on yield and quality of direct seeding rice and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the development of water-saving, high-yield and hith-quality of direct seeding rice. 【Method】 Hybrid rice F You 498 was used as experimental material. The effects of water and N interaction on the yield and quality of direct seeding rice were studied by three irrigation treatments, including flooded irrigation (W₁), dry-wet alternate irrigation (W₂) and drying irrigation (W₃), and different N application ratios in this experiment.【Result】 The interaction of irrigation treatments and N fertilizer application had significant effects on direct seeding rice yield, rice milling quality, appearance quality, RVA profile and taste rice quality. The effects of irrigation treatments on rice yield, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were significantly higher than those of N fertilizer treatments. N fertilizer application ratio had significant effects on milled rice rate, chalkiness degree, chalkiness rate, RVA profile and comprehensive score of cooking and eating rice quality. In all three irrigation treatments with N fertilizer application rate of 150 kg/km², suitable panicle N-fertilizer in direct seeding rice accounted for 20%-40% of the total N application rate. In addition, dry-wet alternative irrigation further improved rice yield and rice quality. However, excessive backward shift of N fertilizer (up to 60% of the total) or W₃ treatment led to a significant decrease in yield and cooking quality of rice. 【Conclusion】 According to the performance of direct seeding rice yield and quality,suitable panicle N-fertilizer accounted for 20%-40% under W₁. W₂ treatment with suitable treatment of N₁ application (50% basal, 30% tillering and 20% panicle N-fertilizer) was the best model in this study. Suitable panicle N-fertilizer accounted for 20% under W₃, which had a certain compensation effect on rice yield and cooking and palatability rice quality. This experiment can provide a reference for the shortage of water resource in production.

Key words: direct seeding rice, irrigation mode, N fertilizer operation, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S511.21

武云霞, 刘芳艳, 孙永健, 郭长春, 杨志远, 何艳, 严田蓉, 孙知白, 丁峰, 马均. 水氮互作对直播稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2019, 37(05): 604-610.

WU Yunxia, LIU Fangyan, SUN Yongjian, GUO Changchun, YANG Zhiyuan, HE Yan, YAN Tianrong, SUN Zhibai, DING Feng, MA Jun. Effect of Water and Nitrogen Interaction on Yield and Quality of Direct Seeding Rice[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019, 37(05): 604-610.

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