栽插方式和钾肥水平对杂交籼稻氮钾吸收、转运及钾肥利用率的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2019.05.002

四川农业大学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (05): 596-603.doi: 10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2019.05.002

栽插方式和钾肥水平对杂交籼稻氮钾吸收、转运及钾肥利用率的影响

孙加威^1,2, 杨志远¹, 孙永健¹, 罗运芬³, 汤云川⁴, 马均^1,*

1.四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,成都 611130;
2.成都市农业技术推广总站,成都 610041;
3.成都市新都区农业技术服务中心,四川新都 610500;
4.成都市农林科学院作物研究所,成都 611130

收稿日期:2018-12-10 出版日期:2019-10-28 发布日期:2022-03-01
通讯作者: ^*马均,教授,主要从事作物高产优质高效栽培理论与技术研究,E-mail：majunp2002@163.com。
作者简介:孙加威,硕士研究生。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划重点专项项目（2017YFD0301701,2017YFD0301706,2016YFD0300506）; 四川省科技支撑计划（2016NZ0107）; 四川省“十二五”农作物及畜禽育种攻关（2016NYZ0051）

Effects of Transplanting Methods and Potassium Rates on Potassium Accumulation,Translocation and Use Efficiency of Hybrid-Rice

SUN Jiawei^1,2, YANG Zhiyuan¹, SUN Yongjian¹, LUO Yunfen³, TANG Yunchuan⁴, MA Jun^1,*

1. Rice Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;
2. Chengdu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;
3. Xindu District Agricultural Technology Services Center of Chengdu,Xindu 610500,Sichuan,China;
4. Crop Research Institute,Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China

Received:2018-12-10 Online:2019-10-28 Published:2022-03-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为探明机插秧条件下钾肥用量对水稻氮钾吸收利用的影响。【方法】以杂交籼稻F优498为材料,研究了机插秧（T1）和手插秧（T2）条件下不同施钾量（K0-0 kg/hm²,K1-60 kg/hm²,K2-120 kg/hm²,K3-180 kg/hm²和K4-240 kg/hm²）对杂交籼稻氮钾吸收转运及钾肥利用效率影响。【结果】在拔节期机插稻氮钾累积量显著高于手插稻;齐穗期、成熟期两者的氮钾累积量差异不大;拔节前机插稻的氮、钾吸收量和百分比均高于手插稻;机插稻在拔节期到成熟期氮钾吸收量和百分比低于手插稻。不同栽插方式下对氮钾的吸收均随钾肥水平的提高先增加后降低,齐穗后茎秆中钾素表现为净流入。其中施钾120 kg/hm²时机插稻茎鞘钾素转入量最大,施钾180 kg/hm²时手插稻茎鞘钾素转入量最大。不同栽植方式在齐穗后氮素转运上无显著差异,钾素转运量均以手插稻显著大于机插稻。机插稻的钾肥利用效率显著高于手插稻。钾肥用量对手插稻钾肥利用效率和实际产量无显著影响,但对机插稻钾肥利用效率和实际产量影响显著。【结论】机插水稻应重视钾肥施用,尤其是拔节前钾肥的施用。

关键词: 钾肥, 机插秧, 钾素吸收转运, 肥料利用率

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of potassium application on nitrogen and potassium (N and K) uptake and utilization of mechanized transplanting rice. 【Method】 The effects of potassium application rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/hm²) on N and K accumulation, translocation and use efficiency of hybrid rice with F you 498 was used as material were conducted under mechanized transplanting rice (T1) and manual transplanting rice (T2). 【Result】 The N and K accumulation amount before jointing stage and its absorption percentage of T1 were higher than those of T2. No difference was observed in N and K uptake between T1 and T2 at the full heading stage and maturity stage. However,the N and K absorption percentage of T1 was lower than that of T2 during the full heading stage and maturity stage. The N and K accumulation of rice increased first and then decreased with the increasing potassium application rates in T1 and T2. The higher K translocation amount of stem-sheath after the full heading stage of T1 and T2 were obtained in the potassium application of 120 kg/hm² and 180 kg/hm²,respectively. However,no difference in N translocation amount between T1 and T2 was observed after the full heading stage. The K translocation amount of T2 was higher than that of T1, while the K utilization efficiency of T1 was higher than that of T2. The potassium application rates did not affect K utilization efficiency and grain yield of T2, but significantly impacted K utilization efficiency and grain yield of T1. 【Conclusion】 The application of potassium fertilizer should be emphasized in mechanized transplanting rice,especially before the jointing stage.

Key words: potash fertilizer, mechanized transplanting rice, potassium accumulation and translocation, fertilizer efficiency

中图分类号:

S622.9

孙加威, 杨志远, 孙永健, 罗运芬, 汤云川, 马均. 栽插方式和钾肥水平对杂交籼稻氮钾吸收、转运及钾肥利用率的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2019, 37(05): 596-603.

SUN Jiawei, YANG Zhiyuan, SUN Yongjian, LUO Yunfen, TANG Yunchuan, MA Jun. Effects of Transplanting Methods and Potassium Rates on Potassium Accumulation,Translocation and Use Efficiency of Hybrid-Rice[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019, 37(05): 596-603.

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栽插方式和钾肥水平对杂交籼稻氮钾吸收、转运及钾肥利用率的影响

Effects of Transplanting Methods and Potassium Rates on Potassium Accumulation,Translocation and Use Efficiency of Hybrid-Rice

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