不同纤维源替代部分基础日粮对生长猪生产性能、养分消化率及肠道生理的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2019.04.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同纤维源替代部分基础日粮对猪生长性能、胴体和肉品质、养分消化率及肠道生理的影响。【方法】选用24头杜洛克×长白×约克夏（DLY）生长猪（32.46±0.35 kg）,采用单因子试验设计,按体重无差异原则随机分为4个组：对照组（CON）、15%小麦麸组（WB）、15%豌豆纤维组（PF）、混合纤维源组（7.5%小麦麸+7.5%豌豆纤维,MIX）,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验为期56天。【结果】①与CON组相比,PF组猪的ADG、ADFI,及MIX组猪的ADFI显著降低（P<0.05）。②与CON组相比,PF、MIX组猪胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积,及WB组猪眼肌面积显著降低（P<0.05）;与CON、WB组相比,PF组猪背最长肌宰后pH_45min和pH_24h显著提高（P<0.05）。③与CON组相比,WB组猪能量、DM、CP、NDF消化率显著降低（P<0.05）;PF组猪能量、CP、NDF消化率显著降低（P<0.05）,且EE、CF养分消化率显著提高（P<0.05）;MIX组猪EE、CF消化率显著提高（P<0.05）。④与CON组相比,PF组猪结肠食糜pH值显著降低（P<0.05）,MIX组则有降低趋势（P=0.068）,WB、MIX组猪结肠内丙酸百分比显著提高（P<0.05）。【结论】本试验条件下,15%豌豆纤维日粮虽然对猪的生长性能无改善,但可通过提高肌肉宰后pH值改善肉品质,并通过改变后肠发酵方式,降低结肠pH值,改善猪后肠微环境;15%小麦麸日粮不影响猪的生长性能但能改善料肉比;而日粮中添加15%由上述两种纤维组成的混合纤维源,则可在一定程度上削弱单一纤维源日粮对猪的消化率和肠道生理等方面的不利影响。

关键词: 生长猪, 日粮纤维, 生长性能, 胴体和肉品质, 养分消化率, 肠道生理

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing partial basal diet with different sources of dietary fibers on the growth performance,carcass and meat quality,nutrient digestibility and intestinal physiology of growing pigs. 【Method】 A total of 24 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire (DLY) growing pigs (32.46±0.35 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 groups with consistent average initial weight. Pigs in control group (CON) were fed with basal diets,while pigs in the other 3 groups were fed with 15% wheat bran (WB), pea-hull fiber (PF) and mixed fibers (7.5% wheat bran and 7.5% pea-hull fiber, MIX) supplemented diet,respectively. Each group included 6 replicates with 1 pig per replicate,and theexperiment lasted for 56 days. 【Result】 Results showed that：① Compared with CON, the ADG and ADFI of pigs in PF, as well as the ADFI of pigs in MIX was significantly decreased (P<0.05). ② Compared with CON, the carcass weight, dressing percentage and the area of longissimus dorsi (LM) of pigs was significantly reduced in both PF and MIX groups (P<0.05), and the area of LM of pigs in WB group was also significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with CON and WB, the pH_45min and pH_24h of LM of pigs in PF showed a significant reduction (P<0.05). ③ Compared with CON, the digestibility of energy, DM, CP, and NDF of pigs in WB decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the digestibility of energy, CP and NDF of pigs in PF group also showed significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the diges-tibility of EE and CF of pigs in PF group, as well as the digestibility of EE and CF of pigs in MIX showed significantly increased (P<0.05). ④ Compared with CON, the pH value of colonic digesta showed significantly decreased in pigs from PF (P<0.05), while it showed a decreasing trend in the colonic digesta of pigs in MIX (P=0.068). In addition, the proportion of propionate in the colon of pigs in WB and MIX was significantly increased (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Although the growth performance of the pigs was not improved by the dietary supplement of pea-hull fiber, the meat quality of LM was indeed improved through the increase of post-slaughtering pH value. Meanwhile,the microenvironment in the colon of the animals could also be improved through the alteration of fermentation mode and the subsequent decrease of pH value. The dietary supplement of 15% wheat bran did not impact the growth performance of the growing pigs but improved the feed conversion rate. Nevertheless,the dietary supplement of mixed fibers may weaken the adverse effects on the nutrient digestibility and intestinal physiology of the pigs induced by the supplement of single fiber.

Key words: growing pigs, dietary fiber, growth performance, carcass and meat quality, nutrient digestibility, intestinal physiology

中图分类号:

S828

赵瑶, 张玲, 何俊, 陈代文, 余冰, 何军, 黄志清, 毛湘冰, 郑萍, 虞洁, 罗钧秋, 罗玉衡. 不同纤维源替代部分基础日粮对生长猪生产性能、养分消化率及肠道生理的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2019, 37(04): 533-541.

ZHAO Yao, ZHANG Ling, HE Jun, CHEN Daiwen, YU Bing, HE Jun, HUANG Zhiqing, MAO Xiangbing, ZHENG Ping, YU Jie, LUO Junqiu, LUO Yuheng. The Effect of Replacing Partial Basal Diet with Different Dietary Fibers on the Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Intestinal Physiology of Growing Pigs[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019, 37(04): 533-541.

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