长期施氮对饲草玉米产量、土壤养分和微生物数量的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2019.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为探讨长期施氮对饲草玉米产量和土壤养分变化及土壤微生物数量变化的影响,对试验地第7年耕层土壤养分、细菌、真菌和放线菌数量进行了测定与分析。【方法】采用大田定位试验,设置氮水平为0、22.5、45、67.5、90 kg/hm²,饲草玉米密度为6.0×10⁴plant/hm²,分析土壤养分、微生物数量和玉米产量的关系。【结果】随氮肥用量增加,饲草玉米产量先升高后降低,在施氮量为67.5 kg/hm²时产量最高;土壤有机质、氮素含量呈显著增加,速效磷和速效钾含量先降低后升高;细菌、放线菌和真菌数量均呈现出先增加后减少的趋势;通过相关性分析得知,有机质、氮素含量及3大微生物数量与产量存在正相关关系,速效磷和速效钾含量与产量、氮素含量及微生物数量有负相关关系,土壤有机质含量对产量直接影响最大,碱解氮含量对产量间接影响较大。【结论】土壤有机质、氮素含量和微生物数量促进了饲草玉米产量的增加;其中,有机质含量对产量直接影响最大,碱解氮对产量间接影响较大,因此适当施氮保持土壤养分及改善土壤环境,有利于提高饲草玉米产量。在N₃处理饲草玉米产量最高,通过方程模拟氮肥用量为70.7 kg/hm²,可达到最高产量。

关键词: 长期施氮, 饲草玉米, 产量, 土壤养分, 微生物数量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of long-term nitrogen application on the yield of forage maize, soil nutrients and cultivable microoriganism populations, this study measured the soil nutrients and the populations of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the seventh year of the long-term nitrogen application field experiment. 【Method】 Field experiment was conducted to determine the relationship between soil nutrients, microbial biomass and maize yield. Nitrogen levels were 0, 22.5, 45, 67.5, 90 kg/hm² and forage maize density was 6.0×10⁴ plant/hm². 【Result】 The yield of forage maize had a trend of rising then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and reached the maximum when the nitrogen fertilizer amount was 67.5 kg N/hm², the soil organic matter and nitrogen increased significantly, while the available phosphorus and available potassium decreased and then increased, the populations of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes had a tendency of increase and then decrease. Correlation analysis indicated that the soil organic matter, nitrogen and cultivable positive correlation with the yield of forage maize, however, the content of available phosphorus and available potassium had negative correlation with the nitrogen as well as cultivable microoriganism populations, all of which, soil organic matter had the greatest direct impact on yield, but the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen had a great indirect effect on yield. 【Conclusion】 The soil organic matter, nitrogen content and cultivable microoriganism populations promoted the yield of forage maize increase, the most important was the soil organic matter that had the greatest direct impact on yield, and then the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen had a great indirect effect on yield, therefore, appropriate nitrogen application could maintain soil nutrient and improve soil environment, it was beneficial to increase the yield of forage maize. Under this experiment condition, the highest yield of forage maize occurred the N treatment, and the equation simulation showed that the peak production of the forage maize when nitrogen application rate was 70.7 kg/hm².

Key words: long-term nitrogen application, forage corn, yield, soil nutrient, microbial quantity

中图分类号:

S143.1

陈松鹤, 徐开未, 樊高琼, 白燕, 杨洪坤, 陈远学. 长期施氮对饲草玉米产量、土壤养分和微生物数量的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2019, 37(03): 314-320.

CHEN Songhe, XU Kaiwei, FAN Gaoqiong, BAI Yan, YANG Hongkun, CHEN Yuanxue. Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Application on Yield of Forage Maize,Soil Nutrients and Microorganisms[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019, 37(03): 314-320.

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