玉米大豆行比配置对套作大豆生长、物质分配及系统产量的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2019.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究玉米大豆行比配置对大豆生长及产量的影响。【方法】以玉米/大豆套作种植为研究对象,以净作大豆为对照（CK）,设置1 ∶ 1（A）和2 ∶ 2（B）玉米大豆行比配置,研究不同处理下大豆在五节期（V5）、始花期（R1）和始荚期（R3）的形态特征、物质分配规律及产量形成。【结果】在大豆V5期,在不同配置下,各处理间大豆形态和地上生物量差异显著（P<0.05）,处理A和处理B下的大豆株高分别比CK显著增加78.99%、65.28%。处理A的大豆干物质中茎分配率显著高于CK和处理B,叶、柄的干物质分配率最低,而CK处理下大豆叶、柄的分配率最高。在R1期,与CK相比,处理A的茎粗、单叶面积、第一节间长、分枝数和生物量处理间存在差异显著,株高与CK差异不显著（P>0.05）,玉米收获后,处理A的大豆干物质在茎的分配率从49%降到34%,且干物质在叶中的分配率升高。在R3期,与CK相比,处理B的株高增加了13.25%,但未达到差异显著水平。通过最终产量比较,处理A、B下的大豆产量分别比CK显著降低54.43%和15.85%,主要是由于大豆植株分枝数和荚粒数的下降。【结论】在玉米大豆套作种植中,与CK相比,处理B（2 ∶ 2）的空间配置是玉米大豆增产增收的关键。

关键词: 玉/豆套作, 行比配置, 大豆, 物质分配, 系统产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effect of maize and soybean line ratio on soybean growth and yield.【Method】 In this study, maize-soybean intercropping was used as the research object, and net soybean were used as control (CK). The ratio of 1 ∶ 1(A) and 2 ∶ 2(B) maize and soybean was set, and the net soybean was used as the control (CK). The morphological characteristics,material distribution patterns and yield formation of the soybean in different treatments were studied during five sections(V5), initial flowering stage(R1)and beginning pod stage (R3). 【Result】 In the V5 stage of soybean, the difference in soybean morphology and aboveground biomass between treatments was significant (P<0.05). The plant height of soybean under treatment A and treatment B increased significantly by 78.99% and 65.28%. The stem distribution rate of soybean dry matter in treatment A was significantly higher than that of CK and treatment B. The dry matter distribution rate of leaves and stems was the lowest, while the distribution rate of soybean leaves and stems was the highest under CK treatment. In the R1 stage, compared with CK, the stem diameter, single leaf area, first internode length, number of branches and biomass treatment of treatment A were significantly different, while the difference between plant height and CK was not significant. After maize was harvested, the distribution of dry matter of soybean in treatment A decreased from 49% to 34%, and the distribution of dry matter in leaves increased. In the R3 stage, the plant height increased by 13.25% compared with CK, but the difference was not significant. Through the final yield comparison, the yield of soybean under treatments A and B was significantly lower than that of CK by 54.43% and 15.85%, which was mainly due to the decrease in the number of branches and the number of pods. 【Conclusion】 In the intercropping of maize and soybean, compared with CK, the spatial configuration of treatment B (2 ∶ 2) is the key to increasing yield and income of maize and soybean.

Key words: maize/soybean intercropping, row ratio configuration, soybean, material distribution, system yield

中图分类号:

S565.1

王贝贝, 范元芳, 王仲林, 谌俊旭, 张佳伟, 程亚娇, 雍太文, 刘卫国, 王小春, 杨文钰, 杨峰. 玉米大豆行比配置对套作大豆生长、物质分配及系统产量的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2019, 37(03): 308-313.

WANG Beibei, FAN Yuanfang, WANG Zhonglin, CHEN Junxu, ZHANG Jiawei, CHENG Yajiao, YONG Taiwen, LIU Weiguo, WANG Xiaochun, YANG Wenyu, YANG Feng. Effect of Row Ratio of Maize and Soybean on Soybean Growth, Matter Distribution and Yield in Relay Strip Intercropping[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019, 37(03): 308-313.

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