3种有机物料配肥下的宅基地复垦土壤重金属污染风险评估

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2019.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为确立宅基地复垦土地的绿色安全培肥方案。【方法】以成都平原宅基地复垦土壤为研究对象,设置空白对照（CK）、常规化肥（CF）、秸秆全量还田（S1）、秸秆1.5倍还田（S2）、菌渣等碳量还田（R1）、菌渣1.5倍碳量还田（R2）、猪粪等碳量还田（M1）、猪粪1.5倍碳量还田（M2）共8个施肥处理,研究3种不同有机物料培肥处理的复垦土壤中Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn和As的重金属含量及其变化特征,并利用内梅罗综合指数法及潜在生态风险评价法对复垦土壤重金属进行风险评估。【结果】复垦土壤重金属含量的高低次序为Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Cd,随着时间推移及秸秆、菌渣和猪粪3种有机物料增加,土壤重金属含量呈上升趋势;3种物料处理内梅罗指数和潜在生态风险系数均处于轻微风险范围,其中猪粪1.5倍碳量还田（M2）处理均大于其他施肥处理,而秸秆全量还田（S1）处理均小于其他施肥处理。【结论】推荐S1处理为最佳绿色安全培肥方案,即小麦季使用55 911 kg/hm²的秸秆与276 kg/hm²的尿素、575 kg/hm²的过磷酸钙、15 kg/hm²的氯化钾混施还田,玉米季使用46 449 kg/hm²的秸秆与350 kg/hm²的尿素、792 kg/hm²的过磷酸钙、108 kg/hm²的氯化钾混施还田。

关键词: 秸秆, 菌渣, 猪粪, 宅基地复垦土壤, 重金属, 风险评估

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to establish a green and safe fertilization scheme for the reclaimed land of homestead. 【Method】 The experiment took the reclaimed land of homestead in Chengdu Plain as the research object, and set blank control (CK), conventional fertilizer (CF), total straw returning (S1), 1.5 times straw returning (S2), equal carbon returning of mushroom residue (R1), 1.5 times carbon returning of mushroom residue (R2), equal carbon returning of swine manure (M1) and 1.5 times carbon of swine manure(M2). Eight fertilization treatments were used to study the heavy metals contents of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and As in reclaimed soil under three different organic materials treatments and their variation characteristics. The heavy metals in reclaimed soil were evaluated by Nemerow composite index method and Potential ecological risk assessment method. 【Result】 The order of heavy metal content in reclaimed soil was Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Cd. With the time going on and the increase of straw, mushroom residue and swine manure, soil heavy metals showed an upward trend; Nemerow index and potential ecological risk coefficient of three materials treatments are in a slight risk range, among which 1.5 times carbon content of swine manure returned to field (M2) were higher than those under other fertilization treatments, while under total straw returned to field (S1) were lower than those under other fertilization treatments. 【Conclusion】 S1 treatment is recommended as the best green and safe fertilization scheme, which is treated with 55 911 kg/hm² straw, 276 kg/hm² in urea, 575 kg/hm² in superphosphate and 15 kg/hm² in potassium chloride in wheat season, 46 449 kg/hm² straw, 350 kg/hm² in urea, 792 kg/hm² in superphosphate and 108 kg/hm² in potassium chloride in cron season.

Key words: straw, mushroom residue, swine manure, reclaimed soil of homestead, heavy metal, risk

中图分类号:

S154.1

陈露丹, 邓良基, 周伟, 刘子骁, 邹光基. 3种有机物料配肥下的宅基地复垦土壤重金属污染风险评估[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2019, 37(02): 199-207.

CHEN Ludan, DENG Liangji, ZHOU Wei, LIU Zixiao, ZOU Guangji. Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Reclaimed Soil of Homestead under Three Organic Material Fertilizers[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019, 37(02): 199-207.

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