施肥与覆盖处理对雷竹林土壤养分化学计量特征及肥料贡献率的影响

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2018.06.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过科学合理地施肥覆盖经营,使出笋期提前,显著提高竹林经济效益,为笋用雷竹林可持续经营提供理论依据与技术支持。【方法】针对雷竹林分进行双因素随机区组试验,A因素为施肥处理,设置0,鸡粪（15 000 kg/hm²）+ 油枯（5 000 kg/hm²）,复合肥（3 000 kg/hm²）3个水平;B因素为覆盖措施,设置0,稻草10 cm+谷壳10 cm,稻草15 cm+谷壳15 cm,稻草20 cm+谷壳20 cm 3个水平。共计12种处理,比较了不同处理雷竹林土壤C、N、P化学计量特征和肥料贡献率差异及其与出笋状况指标间的关系。【结果】在施肥与覆盖组合模式中,A1B2 和 A2系列土壤C/N和C/P显著增加（P<0.05）。两个系列模式的肥料贡献率（FCR）表现为A2>A3>A1,B3>B2>B4>B1,其中A2B3表现最优;FCR与土壤C、N、P含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,而基础地力贡献率（BSPCR）与土壤C、N、P含量呈极显著负相关关系（P<0.01）;笋期长和竹笋产量与笋期土壤有效积温（ATTS）均呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,FCR与出笋期产量指标呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与ATTS呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。【结论】针对笋用雷竹林的最优培育组合模式为：鸡粪和油枯混施,同时覆盖稻草（15 cm）加谷壳（15 cm）。

关键词: 雷竹, 施肥, 覆盖增温, 土壤化学计量特征, 肥料贡献率

Abstract: 【Objective】The aim of the study was to advance the timing of bamboo shoots and economic benefits of bamboo forest by scientific and rational fertilizer and mulching. This study also provided a theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable management of bamboo shoots. 【Method】 A （0,chicken manure（15 000 kg/hm²） +oil cake （5 000 kg/hm²）,compound fertilizer （3 000 kg/hm²）and B（0,rice straw 10 cm+hull 10 cm,rice straw 15 cm+hull 15 cm,rice straw 20 cm+hull 20 cm） two-way random block experimental was conducted ina bamboo forest. The stoichiometric characteristics of C,N and P and fertilizer contribution rate were compared among treatments. The relationship between fertilizer contribution rate and bamboo shooting were also compared.【Result】 In the combination of fertilization and mulching,soil C/N and C/P of the A1B2 and A2 increased significantly. The fertilizer contribution rate （FCR） of the two pattern were showed as follows：A2>A3>A1 and B3>B2>B4>B1. FCR was significantly positively correlated with soil C,N and P contents,while basic soil productivity contribution rate （BSPCR） was significantly negatively correlated with soil C,N and P contents. The length of shooting period and shoot yield were significantly positively correlated with soil effective accumulated temperature （ATTS） during the bamboo shooting period. There was a significant positive correlation between FCR and bamboo shooting and ATTS （P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】 The optimal combination mode for bamboo shoots was mixed application of chicken manure and oil cake and mulching of rice straw （15 cm） and hull （15 cm）.

Key words: Phyllostachys praecox, fertilization, mulching, soil stoichiometry properties, fertilizer contribution rate

中图分类号:

S718.55+4

苏宇, 刘鸿, 李贤伟, 范川, 刘晟男, 张小国, 陈露蔓. 施肥与覆盖处理对雷竹林土壤养分化学计量特征及肥料贡献率的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2018, 36(06): 751-757.

SU Yu, LIU Hong, LI Xianwei, FAN Chuan, LIU Shengnan, ZHANG Xiaoguo, CHEN Luman. Responses of Soil Stoichiometry Characteristic and Fertilizer Contribution Rate to Intensive Management in a Phyllostachys praecox Forest[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2018, 36(06): 751-757.

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