川辐小麦品种农艺和品质性状改良演化

doi:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2018.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究川辐系列小麦品种农艺和品质性状的遗传改良进展情况,为今后的小麦新品种选育提供参考。【方法】分析了本单位先后育成的8个川辐号小麦品种在区试中的产量和品质性状,并于2016和2017年在成都市对上述品种进行了2年的农艺性状调查,对各性状的演变情况进行了线性拟合和相关性分析。【结果】①区试数据显示：随育成年份推移,品种产量水平呈上升趋势,平均每年提高25.39 kg/hm²,年育种进度平均0.56%;千粒重缓慢提高,单位面积穗数和穗粒数无显著变化;容重、粗蛋白和湿面筋含量均趋向降低。②农艺性状调查表明：随育成年份推移,川辐系列小麦品种的灌浆期呈延长趋势,导致了全生育期相应延长;株高呈上升趋势;穗发芽抗性育种进度几乎为零,加强其筛选力度是进一步提高小麦加工品质的重要方面。③品质指标与产量及相关农艺性状总体上呈负相关,未来要加强产量和品质互作的遗传理论研究。【结论】川辐系列小麦品种和四川省小麦品种的整体育种进度较为一致,育种成就很大程度上体现为克服了条锈病生理小种改变导致的产量下降。诱变技术作为创造和提高变异的有效手段,在小麦育种和生产上发挥了一定的作用,但还需要进一步加强相关理论研究。

关键词: 川辐系列小麦品种, 育种进度, 产量, 加工品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to provide a theoretical basis for further improvement,evolution of agronomic and quality traits were studied in Chuanfu series wheat. 【Method】 Yield and quality relative traits data from regional trial of eight Chuanfu series wheat cultivars released in Sichuan province were analysed. Furthermore,agronomic traits were investigated in Chengdu in 2016 and 2017. The evolution of each traits were evaluated by correlation analysis and linear fitting. 【Result】 ①In regional trial,the yield levels of Chuanfu series wheat cultivars was on the rise with released years,increased annually by 25.39 kg/hm² and breeding progress increased annually by 0.56%,thousand-kernel weight rising slightly nonetheless other main yield components such as panicle number per unit area and kernels per panicle changed insignificant. Unit weight,protein content and wet gluten content tends to decreased. ②Agronomic traits statistics under the same environment demonstrated the filling stage extended with released years,which leaded longer growth duration accordingly,and plant height also increased. The genetic progress of pre-harvest sprouting resistance is almost zero,suggesting that it may be an important approach to increase quality by taking effective selection on that. ③Quality traits were negatively correlated with yield and agronomic traits in general,and more theoretical research should be taken on relationship of yield and quality. 【Conclusion】 Breeding progress of Chuanfu wheat cultivars and other cultivars released in Sichuan were relatively consistent,breeding achievements largely reflected in overcome the new races of stripe rust which resulting in a decline in yield and quality. Induced mutation as an effective means could create and improve the mutation rate,which played a significant role in wheat breeding and production,and also need further more related theoretical research.

Key words: Chuanfu series wheat cultivars, breeding progress, yield, processing quality

中图分类号:

S512.1

蒋云, 张洁, 宣朴, 杜文平, 陈谦, 张军, 王颖, 郭元林. 川辐小麦品种农艺和品质性状改良演化[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2018, 36(05): 576-583.

JIANG Yun, ZHANG Jie, XUAN Pu, Du Wenping, CHEN Qian, ZHANG Jun, WANG Ying, GUO Yuanlin. Progress of Chuanfu Series Wheat Cultivars on Agronomic and Quality Traits[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2018, 36(05): 576-583.

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