关键词: 6x小簇麦, 普通小麦, 杂种, 染色体的传递

Abstract: Several F₂ populations of Triticum durum-Dasypyrum villosum amphiploid×common wheat hybrids and BC 1 generations to respective wheat and amphiploid parents were cytologically analyzed on plant-by-plant using Giemsa C-banding technique to examine the transmission patterns of Dasypyrum villosum chromosomes. The data indicate that transmission rates of the D. villosum chromosomes through the egg cells are random in all hybrid populations and significantly higher than those through pollens in most of combinations. In other words, when the F₁ hybrid plants in which wheat line ‘J-11’, a wheat landrace from Sichuan is used as one of parent, is pollinated to wheat or amphiploid eggs, the transmission rates of D. villosum chromosomes do not deviate from the random pattern as the same as its reciprocal cross, suggesting that the transmission rates of D. villosum chromosomes depend upon the wheat parent used in the F₁ hybrids, and there might be a gene on certain chromosome of wheat line ‘J-11’ affecting the D. villosum chromosome transmission through the pollen. The transmission rate of individual D. villosum chromosome varies depending on the direction of the backcross made. 4V and 7V is the most frequently and 3V the least frequently observed. These results suggest that it is the best to use wheat pollen for the transmission of D. villosum chromosomes through the egg cells of the F₁ hybrids. The F₃ and BC₁F₂ generations of the T. durum-D. villosum amphiploid×wheat hybrids might be the critical generations from which to select useful materials for wheat improvement.

Key words: T. DURUM-D. VILLOSUM AMPHIPLOID, COMMON WHEAT, HYBRID CYTOGENETICS, TRANSMISSION OF CHROMOSOMES